Atlas :: essays research papers

atlas vertebraIn Greek Mythology, the Titans were a race of giants. atlas vertebra was the strongest of all the titans. His father was titan Iapetus and his mother was the Sea Nymph Clymene. His associates were Prometheus and Cronus. Atlas was the father of the Hesperides (Daughters of the Evening,) the Hyades, and the Pleiades. He was also the king of the legendary Atlantis. In etymology Atlas means &8220bearer or &8220endurer. An image of Atlas is a person with the world on his back. Also a book of maps is called an atlas. Atlas played a major part in Greek Mythology. He was in the war with Titans against the gods (Olympians.) Atlas partnered with his brother Cronus in the war against Zeus. Atlas stormed the heavens and Zeus punished him. His punishment was to carry the priming coat, the heavens and the pillar that separates them on his back/shoulders for eternity. This punishment is Atlas&8217s role in The Odyssey. Hercules became involved with Atlas. Eurystheus, Hercules cou sin, challenged Hercules to twelve Labors. The eleventh Labor was to retrieve the golden apples of the Hesperides. Hercules asked Atlas to help him obtain the Golden Apples. In return for Atlas&8217s help, Hercules took his burden from him while he retrieved the apples. Atlas agreed to Hercules&8217 proposal. Atlas secured the apples and realized how nice it was not to have the strain of keeping heaven and earth apart for eternity. Hercules deceived Atlas when he returned with the apples. Hercules told Atlas that he needed a cushion for his shoulders and asked Atlas to take back the earth momentarily while he can got pads. Atlas agreed and Hercules left never to return. Another part played in Greek Mythology was when Atlas ref utilize to provide shelter to Perseus. Perseus changed Atlas into rock and roll using Medusa. The huge stone is called Mount Atlas.Atlas has a very distinct appearance. In art, Atlas is depicted as a man bearing a globe. He was strong and well built. His hai r was shoulder length and he had a beard and mostache. He was usually depicted kneeling on one knee holding the world on his shoulders. Atlas had two main values. These values were his strength and his physical endurance.The main reference to Atlas in the modern world is a book of maps. A book of maps or an atlas is named after Atlas. A figure of Atlas supporting the earth was used in the title pages of early map collections.

Forgetting the Pain :: World Peace Terrorism Essays

Forgetting the Pain The creative activity as we know it is in dire need of serious changes in the behavior humans go about interacting with all(prenominal)(prenominal) other. This is often realized by leaders of generations who have become notable as a result of their dedication to progress in this field. Many who sexual climax the struggle have different causes they stand behind, however the goal remains the same to convince others of tolerance, acceptance, and equality. For Martin Luther King it was segregation, for Gandhi it was the British tyranny in India, and for me it is the hatred and move out between the Israelis and the Palestinians. Hatred begets hatred, violence leads to more of the same, and their will never be peace between Israel and Palestine until this becomes apparent to all parties involved.The story of the land is rich with culture and tradition, nevertheless it is shadowed by the blood and countless massacres of the innocent. The roots of the land stretch deep and the religious fervor is intense, yet the weapons of destruction of past wars in this land are left standing as a reminder to the people of the long standing hatred and precaution of yesteryears. Both the Israelis and Palestinians have been wronged. And neither seems to let that pain go. As each side feels more threatened, each results to more desperate measures, in hope of sending out the message We will not sit down and die, and will fight to preserve our cause in any way we can. Deaf ears on both sides receive and send this message. Just as when two people scream at the top of their lungs, fail to listen to each other. When talking to Israelis during my travels to their homeland for my senior year in high school, their plight became apparent to me, their hatred has spawned out of feelings of fear and distrust. For this, I cannot accuse them. Their history is one of persecution, in fact some may argue that the very existence of Israel was created as a result of one of the greatest tragedies the world has known, which happened not but sixty year prior to present day. Their history in the land of modern day Israel has not been a walk in the park either. Dating back to the first settlements, which were purchased from Palestinians, was constantly raided and the inhabitants were slain.

Immigrants Escaping from Poverty :: Immigration Illegal Essays Papers

For a long time, illegal immigrants have been entering the United States, and it has been a big issue concerning the domain today. Hispanics today form the fastest growing ethnic minority in the United States. An example of how many illegal immigrants migrate to the U.S. is found in the hold in Voyages by Cathy Small she explains that many Tongan immigrants migrated in the year 1976. Out of 1,993 Tongans, Olunga had grown approximately 2%, so by all intend that at least 40% of its population had migrated between the years 1956 and 1976. By 1970 the inhabitants population growth was already dropping. This means that there were 200 people slight than the past years.Many immigrants want to migrate to the United States to gain a better life for their families, for economic opportunity, and to escape political persecution. Many immigrants are functional illegally and the government is not aware of how many of them are actually getting away with it, and others of course are being detained and isolated from their work baron. at one time so many illegal immigrants are being evicted easily from their work force or even from off the streets. In the book Disposable Domestics, floor Chang explains that there had been sixty law enforcement agents from Virginias sheriffs office who joined the federal agents. They were joined together by the Immigration and Naturalization Service to ransacking around a construction site where workers were building a court jail. Later, agents had gathered one hundred employees together in an array against the wall, searching for undocumented employees. Soon after the whole fiasco, a deputy secretary of Virginia Health and Human Resources department was informed that fourteen people were detained and removed from their work force for not having documents. Grace Chang also discusses a case of a nominee for United States Attorney general. Zo Baird admitted that she employed two undocumented Peruvian immigrants. We also let on that employers hire illegal immigrants for the benefit of saving money. If employers wanted legal workers they would be able to get them, but it would cost them more. Putting some thought in this subject, illegal immigrants have some of the hardest jobs, that require so much labor, and dont get paid as well, while a legal psyche would think it is not worth getting exhausted over.

If There Were a Draft :: essays research papers

If There Were a DraftIt is complicated not to intelligently discuss the incoming of our military involvement with Iraq without the notion of a draft to arise. Although our presidential candidates and other government officials shun the issue of a draft and avidly display their negativity towards the idea, it is a feasible inquiry to ponder. What if there is indeed a draft? I, being a 16 year old student, know that if there ever is such a military draft, my particular age range would be in target for a good thirteen or fourteen years. I have contemplated the hypothetical scenario of myself, many years from now, being a mere 19-year old boy, opening a letter that summons me to take part in duty for my country what would I do?I can imagine myself opening that letter, and the feel of my young heart sinking into my chest. I am not made for war. I am not even made for football. I am not political and I certainly am not pro-war. I would see this call to arms as a call for the worst. Our country has finally had to fall upon scooping those who did not enlist out of there homes and into the arms of the enormous American machine of violence and destruction. Ultimately, I believe, there would be nothing for me to do. I would go. What are my other options? I would never leave or plow away. Whether it was legal or not, I would not run from a draft. Although I would never enlist, if my country asked me to go overseas, I believe that I would. I would go because there is a great deal of respect earned in becoming part of the military. In the long run, it would be much more right to take part in it rather to run from it. To run, I feel, would be cowardly. Although I would be terrified, I would still go.

Huanted House :: essays research papers

I could not sleep that night, for I was not given the casualty to. For numerous times I had been yelling at my cousin to lower down the volume of the Compact Disc player. He insisted on testing come out every single disc of my brothers heavy-metal music collection at a certain volume that made my heart jump similarly fast or choke my mind with angry thoughts. My tired eyes shifted to the alarm clock, which stood, on my computer. Eleven, another hour to a brand new day. The attached day, I will be bringing my cousin to have a view of the things we have in stall for him in the small neighborhood of mine, solely before that can be possible, I will require my beauty sleepHey, you moron Are you finished with those trashy sounds? I yelled, throwing the blanket all over my head. I then grabbed my soft-toy dog, and threw it at him, aiming for his head. He responded, launching the toy back at me, hard at the bum. Self-defence, he reasoned out, reaching for the power slip of the player , finally. I heaved a sigh of relief, dropping dead on the pillow. As soon as I was about to enter the dream world, someone tapping at my shoulder awakened me.I cannot sleep, my cousin explained. I felt like strangling him. Thinking of what the family might say for destroying or killing a authority family name-bearer, I guessed it was not a very healthy idea after all.I sat on my bed, rubbing my eyes as I looked at my cousin through blurred eyes. I remembered the last time you stayed overnight when you were around eight, you slept like a pig, I muttered, reaching out for my spectacles. It hurts to be shortsighted.I am thirteen now, he reminded his meet-once-a-year-during-Chinese-New-Year cousin.So? Cant thirteen-year-old dont act like nocturnal animals?I gave up, and soon the both of us were in the living room, with freshly brewed cups of coffee in our hands. It reminded me of how I drowned myself in caffine in order to stay awake for last minute examination preparations. My cousi n strolled his way over to the television. Dont switch on that. The rest of the them are sleeping, mind you, I warned him, recalling the time when my father threw down my radio on the ground, for blasting it during his sleep.

Huanted House :: essays research papers

I could not sleep that night, for I was not given the chance to. For many times I had been yelling at my cousin to lower down the volume of the Compact Disc player. He insisted on testing out both single disc of my brothers heavy-metal music collection at a certain volume that made my heart jump too stiff or choke my mind with angry thoughts. My tired eyes shifted to the alarm clock, which stood, on my computer. Eleven, another hour to a brand new day. The next day, I will be bringing my cousin to have a view of the things we have in stall for him in the small neighborhood of mine, but forwards that can be possible, I will require my beauty sleepHey, you moron Are you finished with those trashy sounds? I yelled, throwing the blanket over my head. I then grabbed my soft-toy dog, and threw it at him, aiming for his head. He responded, launching the toy back at me, hard at the bum. Self-defence, he reasoned out, reaching for the power switch of the player, finally. I heaved a sigh of relief, dropping dead on the pillow. As soon as I was about to enter the dream world, someone tapping at my lift awakened me.I cannot sleep, my cousin explained. I felt like strangling him. Thinking of what the family might say for destroying or killing a potential family name-bearer, I guessed it was not a very healthy idea after all.I sat on my bed, rubbing my eyes as I looked at my cousin through blurred eyes. I remembered the last time you stayed overnight when you were around eight, you slept like a pig, I muttered, reaching out for my spectacles. It hurts to be shortsighted.I am thirteen now, he reminded his meet-once-a-year-during-Chinese-New-Year cousin.So? Cant thirteen-year-old dont act like nocturnal animals?I gave up, and soon the both of us were in the living room, with freshly brewed cups of coffee in our hands. It reminded me of how I drowned myself in caffine in order to stay awake for last minute examination preparations. My cousin strolled his steering over to the television. Dont switch on that. The rest of the them are sleeping, mind you, I warned him, recalling the time when my father threw down my radio on the ground, for blast it during his sleep.

The Departed/Internal Affairs Film Comparison

The Departed, a film directed by Martin Scorsese, won an Oscar for Best Picture, as well as 3 other Academy Awards. The story however, is based on a 2002 Hong Kong film directed by Wai-keung Lau and Siu Fai Mak, Mougaan dou better known to us as unredeemed Affairs. The similarities between these cardinal crime/drama/thrillers are great.In The Departed, director Martin Scorsese takes the story into his own style of storytelling, that the adaptation of the screenplay originally written by director Siu Fai Mak and Felix Chong is almost identical to the screenplay by William Monahan adapted for The Departed. The key overall difference between the two films can be attributed to their setting. Infernal Affairs, based in Hong Kong, was adapted or Americanized to fit American customs and situations, namely the situation in south Boston with the Irish mafia some time ago. neither film specifies an exact historical era. There is an equivalent to most Infernal Affairs characters in The Depar ted you have the mole in the Hong Kong IAU (internal affairs unit), quizzer Lau Kin Ming, played by Andy Lau, who is the equivalent to Matt Damons role as the mole in the Boston State Police, Colin Sullivan at that placere the undercover cops, Chan Wing Yan (Tony Leung Chi Shing) and William Costigan Jr. (Leonardo Di Caprio) theres the boss of the Hong Kong mafia (the Triads), Hon Sam (Eric Tsang), and the Irish mafioso, Frank Costello (Jack Nicholson).The head of the Boston State Police is police chief Queenan (Martin Sheen), who is mirrored after SP Wong Chi Shing (Anthony Wong Chau-Sang). There is no real equivalent to Mark Walbergs character, Staff Sgt. Dignam, but Im glad they added him. The two films share similar style and techniques however it is easy to distinguish Scorseses directing. Both films make good use of moving shots, which only add to the aliveness of the action. The Departed has virtually no special effects at all, using editing to only to cut and colour cor rect.Infernal Affairs is similar to that, but makes much more use of betting editing and montage, using slight special effects for transitions and introducing key characters, using a combination of freeze regorge and a desaturation filter for instance. Small effects are used in moderation throughout the film to add to the movies overall intensity, and makes fast cuts with multiple angles to create emphasis and a fast-paced feel in certain scenes. The overall style of the films is fairly similar predominant use of medium to long shots, steadicam, tracking, and crane shots can be seen throughout some(prenominal) films.Therefore this Creates fast paced movements and a flow which also generates this overall feel of realism. Both films starting line relatively the same the gang boss recruits new, young blood to put through the academy to work as moles for them. Although Costello recruits Sullivan at an earlier age than Sam, they both seem to be raising workers for the same purpose ( at the beginning, we see other kids in the car shop with Colin, who can be expected to be there for the same reason), and the stories each focus on Colin (Costellos mole), Lau (Sams mole), Costigan (State Police undercover), and Wing-Yan

Philosophy of Religion Essay

Is holiness necessary in maintaining a happy and successful family? Yes, religion plays a vital role in good family structure. Whenever religion is taken seriously and applied to family life, there is a definite prosperous and positive outcome. When families ensure church together, there is a closer bond between family members and it is highly probable that family members who attend religious services push toward higher moral standards which in turn, builds a more solid and moral household.When the man observes religion in the home, he takes on the role as head of the household and creates harmony with opposite family members by providing for his family and treating his family with respect. When the woman recognizes her role in the home as a religious follower, she will also respect her husband and nurture her children as she is taught by dint of religion. The children will do their part in their home by respecting both parents and also by using good moral values. Many people r ally it hard to understand why it is important to practice religion in homes since we rarely witness this in recent history but by undermentioned the laws of God, we lead ourselves and our families in the right direction. Should parents stay together when they feel that their conjugal union is one that has lost passion? Yes, it is important for families to work together in resolution marital problems in order to have a happy family. Children need the support of both parents working in unison and married couples should seek extraneous support if necessary such as members of the church if they feel they cant work through the unhappiness in the marriage.The high divorce say in America has broken down families and has increasingly left children in broken homes when on most occasions, the problems could have been worked through. The Bible gives us many guidelines concerning marriage and if we heed Gods Word, then it is highly possible for broken homes to be mended in order for child ren to grow up in a abiding environment. If more parents would work harder at their marriage instead of getting divorced, family life and the quality of life would be much greater for everyone in the family.

Pagibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa Poem Analysis Essay

This poem was written in Tagalog by wiz of the heroes of the Philippines but there are English translations as well,probably since it is a really good poem that not barely Filipinos can read and appreciate it but other nationalities can too. Some lines that struck me areAling pag-ibig pa ang hihigit kaya sa pagkadalisay at pagkadakila gaya ng pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa? Aling pag-ibig pa? Wala na nga, wala. This stanza translates to- What love can surpass purity or greatness like love of country? None. It can be seen in the first part of the poem. I like the message of this because it will be agreeable to most people. When we think of it, if you love your country, it means you do not only think of yourself, but all the people around you. You care for the well-being of other people, and only wish them well. You try to help others in the best appearance you can. If you love your country, it means you are loyal and committed and that you are too with the people you encounter in your life.Overall, this poem is about being proud of ones nationality and country. We have to love, praise, and fight for our own country and appreciate the things that it has to offer for us. This poem makes me proud to be a Filipino and proud to have a hero like Andres Bonifacio who fought and battled to save his fellowmen and country. He was not only thinking of himself, but also the sake of other people. We should be just like him and perplex loving our country and not complain about things we dont like in it since it will not do anyone good anyway, instead we should outset helping out in our own simple ways to make our country a better place.

Rashomon Essay

The carry is laid out in sequence. It opened up with the testimony of the woodcutter who was creation interviewed by a high police commissioner. The woodcutter proceeded to tell the commissioner that he had just stumbled on a crime scene a man wearing a bluish silk kimono with his face on the ground with fatal wound on his chest. This set up the tempo for the book. after(prenominal) each interview, the story jumps into another citations testimony. It tells the story through and through the perspectives of the characters where they are all witness of a crime where a samurai had been murdered.There were a few witnesses to the crime woodcutter, traveling Buddhistic priest, policeman, bandit, old woman, his wife, and the man himself through a medium. Each one of the testimonies given by the witnesses differs from one another. The only thing they all had in common was that a samurai was killed. The book and the moving-picture show sets it up where we the reader are the jury of the crime. They all started telling what they digest seen, what had happen, what were they doing, and how did they stumbled upon the murder scene. Its almost like an exercise of decision out the truth based on the testimony given by each witness.Where we (readers and viewers) come to a consensus of determining who is the one telling the truth among them. Which is securely beca affair they were all subjective interpretations of all witnesses. There isnt anything that would point out who the real culprit is. After doing both(prenominal) research of the term frame when this book was written, I found out that the scenes that the author was trying to portray was pretty a lot identical to the time period that the book was trying to portray. It was written during the twentieth century, a time where social disintegration and population distress prevalent.Most of the population practiced Buddhism, Shinto, and Taoism, which reflected in the exposure when the husband was giving his testimony through a medium. The medium was his wife, which also seems like one of the short story that we read, Sotoba Komachi. Which have the same situation where the woman have done something terrible to a man thitherfore she is punished by having her body possessed by the man that she had wronged. During this time period, Buddhism was on the rise along with Shinto. It was apparent on the aim when the opening scene showed Rashomon (Rajomon gate), which was the main gate for Kyoto.The gate looked devastated and torn down because during that time there was plenty of natural disasters and buildings being set on harry and also gangs and vigilantes were prevalent during this time that tried to rebel against the corrupt governors. The book and the movie showed the correlation with the time period by showing us how dismal the living conditions are, or any of the characters situations are for that matter. In particular was the former samurai servant. Where he had taken holiday resort from the rain under the bridge but have no idea what to do after the rain stops because he was just discharged by his master.He was troubled about what the future holds for him. He didnt have a business and also depressed because of it. Since he thought his situation was desperate, he started to debate whether he should look for a job and spend his life working as an honest man or become a thief. Regardless, the outcome wasnt in his favor. After some time spending in the gate, the samurai servant cross path with a woman. Their situation was further magnified when the author described the environment of the place that they were taking refuge in it was so bad that they didnt care that the place was littered with copses.So many corpses that he had to watch where he step so that he wouldnt trip over them and he couldnt count how many there were around him. Also the stench of the corpses didnt bother them. The servant started to bottomvass the noise that he heard from upstairs. There he encou ntered an old woman who he thought was a wretched hag. The old woman was there because she was plucking hairs from the corpses for her to use as a wig. This was the time where the samurai servant decided that he would go down the path of living as a thief by robbing her of her kimono.After reading and honoring the movie, I estimate the movie stayed true to the book. The film uses flashbacks during the testimonies of the witnesses, which I thought was great because it cleared things up a little pussy more. The scenes put you in the situation that they were in and try to relay the experience to you from their viewpoint. It showed the story being influenced by the characters emotions and the accuracy changes from person to person which is probably the intend objective of the director. The sequence of the witnesses was different in the movie than the book.In the movie, they used one of the guys in the Rashomon taking refuge as a witness where in the book to me, it seems like the mov ie used none of the witness that was in Rashomon. I could be mistaken because in the movie, the opening scene was under the Rashomon and terce guys were talking about what happened. They seemed in disarray at first and then it jumped to a scene where one of the guys was walking in the woods and discovered the carcass, from there the scene transitioned to the characters taking turns giving their testimony.In the book, there were two people in Rashomon taking refuge from the rain it was a samurai servant and an old woman. Although the movie did a great job on using flashbacks to paint a clearer picture on what happened. There was no backstory on the characters. They were all portrayed as country-dwellers and vagabond staying in Rashomon. The only one that was clear to me was the wife, samurai, and the bandit. In the movie, they showed the woman was kissed and the scene cut out after that, allowing the audience to guess what happened. I would pretend that the scene was shocking since it was they very first kiss that was captured on film.Also, during the kiss, I thought that the woman was fighting it at first but then seemed to unbend and go with it as the camera faded. For those who havent read the book, it might seem like thats the only thing they did but he did much more things to her than just kiss the woman was raped. Its hard to guess that if you havent read the book. The only thing that I can think of that can possibly give away that the woman was raped was the reaction of the husband. His emotion changed from struggling to escape and angrily, to staring off in the distance and at peace with himself.This reaction was probably based on the lacquerese burnish where the woman is now given a choice between her rapist and her husband. I like how the author showcased the culture during that period, the reaction of the husband towards the wife whenever she succumbs to the bandit and how it portrayed the samurai. To the samurai, she had committed an act again st him that did not warrant him to show any emotions. He understood that it was a loss cost fighting for her whenever she made the decision to let the bandit do whatever he wants with her.After reading and watching Rashomon, its easier to understand how Japan has been struggling with their identity. I lived in Japan for a couple years, which gave me a brief idea how the Japanese culture is. Their culture is very hospitable and very welcoming. During my stay there, not once did I feel threatened or feel like I was in some kind of danger. I never knew that Japan was just literally coming out of the medieval period transitioning to the industrial period. The only way I can relieve that is, a baby that just learned how to turn on its belly then all of a sudden started trying to sprint.Which would also explain how hard they are trying to hold on to their tradition but slowly losing it, because the young generations are trying to embrace the western culture. The book and the movie did a fantastic job in showing the living condition during the time period. Its hard to believe that just a couple of decades from that period, Japan was still struggling and fighting to have a democracy. In the span of a couple decades Japan would have built an army that rivals the military business office of the western world. Not only build, but also, declare a war with the western powers.

Discrimination Due to Racism

THEME DISCRIMINATION oerdue to RACISM The scars of favoritism on society as a whole and peck as individuals. Discrimination has caused a lot of sufferings on our people and ancestors in domain of a functi wholly concerny ways around the world which scars lives of people from generation to generation as well as affects individuals and society as a whole.I have chosen a range of societies by selecting the texts, Dawn Raids play-script written by Oscar Knightley, Freedom generator movie directed by Richard LaGravenese, Othello play-script written by William Shakespe ar, threatening Like Me novel based on a true story written and go through by John Howard Griffin and The Untold Story of Emmett Louis process told by his m early(a), Uncles and cousins presented by Top Documentary Films. These texts explore a wide range of societies including Black Americans, White Americans, Africans, Pacific Islanders, New Zealanders, Asians, Latinos and other cultures too.These texts help reveal how unlikeness scars society and people as individuals. What do we see in the text that portrays discrimination? As depicted in the play script Dawn Raids, we are introduced to some racialist polices in New Zealand who stopped br make people on the streets asking them for passports in search of over stayers. These antiblack polices only picked on brown faces that they assumed were Samoans, Tongans, or Fijians. They even stopped Maoris asking them what country theyre from, be treated uniform over stayers in their own country.There were Europeans and Asians who were over stayers but polices never bothered them to ask for passports. Polices would crash into Pacific peoples houses early in the morning chasing them with dogs frightening their children, families and their neighbours. They were humiliated and embarrassed in front of their neighbours, their children and worst of whole they were being treated badly in their own home. This racist act resulted in most Pacific Islanders w ere being separated and deported back to their Islands in a very cruel patchner due to their racist hatred towards the Pacific Islanders.This shows that racism humiliates people and affects them in so galore(postnominal) ways and discrimination should be stopped. This type of hatred towards other races is also frank in the movie Freedom Writer but with more races involved, where Latinos, Asians, Black Americans and tweed Americans are separated into gangs and are targeted by racist white polices. The gangs detest each other due to their races and backgrounds but the unitary seemed lower than every(prenominal)one else is the pitch-dark people. White racist polices pinned down Marcus for a crime he did not do due to his skin colourise being black. I sat there until the police came. But when they come, all they see is a dead body, a gun, and a common racoon. He wasted months of his life locked up in a cell for crime he did not commit but being black put him as the killer an d so someone had to pay the price. It shows in this text, justice meant someone had to pay the price and someone meant anyone who is not white. White polices didnt care who committed the crime because all they wanted was someone to blame and Marcus was the one black guy that was around and due to his race and skin colour being black he was an easy target to pin the crime on.This text shows that racism ruled over justice and how discrimination can destroy ones life forever. Another text which shows clinging to the belief of discrimination due to racism scars society and people is Othello, where Iago a jealous white man used racism slurs when he inflamens Brabantio with the news that his daughter Desdemona, a white young lady has eloped with Othello. He used animal imagery in his racist diatribe against Othello, which is grounded in the idea that black men and womanis inhuman. Even now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. AriseArise awake the snorting citizens with the bell. Or else the devil will make a grandsire of you. Arise I say. Iago refers to Othello as an old black ram and is tupping Brabantios white ewe Desdemona. He plays on the Elizabeth notions that black men have an animal like hyper-sexuality. This seems geared at manipulating Brabantios fears of miscegenation, between Othello and Desdemona. So due to Iagos racist bearing towards Othello, Brabantio and few others tries to separate Othello from Desdemona. This shows how discrimination can affect love ones and individuals due to discrimination.In contrast Black Like Me a non-fiction novel based on a true story of John Howard Griffin, who changed his skin colour to black to try and find out how it feel likes to be black. He was called names like nigger and he felt like an outcast amongst the white people, his own people. He found it hard to get along with white people as he gets hatred glares from them but gets loving, warm greetings and invitations from black people. Black peopl e were being pushed away into hiding, poverty which caused a lot of sufferings for the black society as a whole, all young and old because of the colour of their skin.This shows that discrimination affected the black society leading them to poverty, misery, homeless and sufferings. The text The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till shows an same horrific incident that scarred the Black Society at that duration and even up to now in America. A young boy named Emmett Till was brutally murdered in Mississippi, America. Emmett was 14 years of age when he was taken from his uncles house by two white men due to the fact that he whistled at a white lady.Emmett loved to play around and had a sense of humour which led him to whistling at the white lady which caused his death by the hand of two racist white men. This reason for their action was very unacceptable and racist because if it had been a white man who whistled at the lady, the white people nor anyone would do anything but since Emmet t was black and not white, he paid the price of death. These white people had to prove a vertex that they were high-performance and they had to prove it by killing a 14 year old boy.Emmetts mother had to keep the casket open to show the world the face of her son and what the white people did to him. The result of the brutal manners that was done was unimaginable and indescribable. Emmetts face was unrecognized by his family and friends but especially by his own mother. His teeth were knocked out and his mother took pride in them because they were the most beautiful thing I have ever seen. There was a massive hole on his head and his mother could see right through. His skull was broken in the middle and his tongue was cut and hanging down.The world attend the funeral to have a bearing at Emmett and this angered the white people. They sent racist letters of threats calling names like niggers, savages and treat of house being bombed. This text shows how black and white were separ ated by racism and how discrimination took control destroying the black society tangiblely and emotionally. How does the mise en scene (time, place, social condition and other people) enhance the occurrence of discrimination due to racism? My text consistently displays the social condition, times and places where/when white were superior of all races.A time we now look back and feel embarrassed that it ever happened, a time of suffering, of pain, of struggle and temptation but hope was always in front and kept them going. In Dawn Raids this event happened in the mid-1970s to early 1980s during the most embarrassing time of New Zealand, where most islanders were being woken up early in the snappy mornings at dawn with dogs and flashlights trashing things that came their way, handcuffed and held in cells. These times make racism easier for polices because they had the authorities to pick on anyone but they chose only to pick on brown faces for over stayers.It was during the time wh en New Zealand brought Pacific Islanders to New Zealand to work in factories and do hard works and by that it meant that Pacific Islanders had to obey Pakehas and do as they are told. They lived in fear and under pressure because their lives were being controlled. This shows that discrimination affects and destroys lives of the Islanders and it should have been prevented and stopped. In Freedom Writer is based on a time where whites were gloss over superior to all races and black being the lowest of them all and a time in America where black people were blamed for almost every crime.This show a time where freedom was deprive of the non-white people due to racism. Othello is a text that was influenced by the occurrence of racism through words of hatred, jealousy and a time where people believed in strange things concerning the devil, more religious believers and strong Christian faiths. Iago refers to Othello as the devil even though Othellos Christian, as indicating that black were evil and that the devil often took the form of a black man, which as to make Othello seem as something miserable and should be treated like an animal.These racist words of Iago were used to persuade Brabantio that it is impossible for Desdemona to fall in love with Othello because of his race. This shows a time where Othellos race was seen as something not in demand(predicate) or wanted. Othello is similar to Black like me where in accordance with social segregation of time, finding a job for black people was difficult and hard. They couldnt find a restroom or cafe allowed for black to enter and use. This shows a time in America where black people were neglected of their ineluctably and social involvement because of their skin colour.According to The untold story of Emmett Till and its devastating incident, that occurred during the time of the white being superior to black and slavery quiet seen around, black people were seen lower than whites and other races. Black people woul d be treated like animals and white people would get away with it. it shows a time where black people at that time still had no protection from the law, a time where they werent yet allowed to vote or speak their minds. This made racism worse for black people because they had no say in anything, due to most of them being brought up in the culture of slavery.So, in these texts it shows how the context can enhance the occurrences of racism shown through discrimination and why discrimination should be stopped. Why do people furcate (including those in the texts)? There is no single, simple answer to this question. To begin with, it seems to be a human trait to dislike and distrust anyone we perceive as being different. It also seems to be a human trait to judge groups of people by the actions and attitudes of a few and it also seems to be a human trait to think that what we believe, how we live, and what we are is the only right way to believe, live, and be.People are not born racist and they learn this behaviour from their family, friends, and other important people in their lives. This is a personality disorder, I believe, based on a persons lack of self-worth. During the years of Affirmative Action (employment preference given to blacks) in America, many non-blacks were passed over for promotions and jobs which they considered rightfully theirs and this caused a outstanding deal of bitterness. This particular program has not been around for many years, but older workers probably recall it clearly and still hold a big deal of resentment, like wise shown on the text Black Like Me.Some people remove due to ones skin colour being different from theirs, backgrounds and where theyre from. It shows that white people discriminate black people because they believe that they are superior and they can do anything and get away with it without punishments. In Dawn Raids it shows that polices discriminate because immigrants were getting bigger and come apart in New Zea land and plus they didnt need them anymore they had no use for them any longer.That was a selfish and unloving way, of how discrimination worked. Iago in Othello was totally under the influence of jealousy and hatred towards Othello, which resulted in a very tragic event of deaths and broken hearts and trusts between the two lovers, Othello and Desdemona, together with the help of religious faith and beliefs. In The Untold Story of Emmett Till it shows that the white society discriminates basically because of skin colours and ethnicity together with the utter background of slavery from years ago.Similar to Freedom Writer it shows that students discriminates because of things that happened in the past, stories told by their fathers, their brothers, sisters and mothers. They kill each other and fight against each other even to death, pellet each other down because of the fact that their backgrounds and ethnics are different, they believe in different things and their past experience s due to racism and racial-hatred. Hatred and fear of others being superior or overpowering them made discrimination stronger but less do they survive that they all have a lot in common than they know of.So discrimination should be stopped because it is unfair, unloving, painful, sorrowful and straight inhuman-like and lets come together and try make a difference for our next generations. Conclusion People discriminate for many reasons fear, envy, desire for power or a need to disassociate them from others but especially because of racism. Racism is and will always remain a of import issue which is heard, seen and recognized in most countries, in societies and amongst individuals which causes a lot of sufferings.These issues of discrimination scars every aspect of economic cultural and political life by overt or covert racism acts, either in offensive loud bang or in a subtle manner. In many ways discrimination due to racism blur the line of accepted and unaccepted societal norms, that to destroy and subjugate others either through perpetuation of physical violence or words is a phenomenon as old as time. These actions wounds societies and people as individuals which healed but left scars that will never decease or forgotten.What is disconcerting are the facts, figures and the damages caused to an individual and society as a whole. Painful tortures done behind doors and are swept under the rugs without others acute or recognizing the damages. Hundreds of years ago people have paid a price for being racially different, tortured, and subjugated or killed, despite the advancement in culture, science and technology. People have been categorized and stereotyped which made discrimination easier. The root of the problem lies in our physical or cultural differences which involves skin colour, anguage, faith or tribe, hence the solutions too comes from this problem of being different. We should learn to love the different cultures and whenwe meet people and learn intimately them we are really all just the same. I have zero tolerance for racism because it has resolved nothing for as long as racism has been, and its the likes of JFK, Bobby Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr, losing their lives for these very principles to make one realize that certain people are terrified that wars that should never have been, will be ended and there will be equality for all races of man.We should learn from these great men and strive to get along together rather than to fight with one another. I believe that by accepting and peradventure celebrating differences is just one way of educating ourselves on these differences of cultures, and just maybe, a zero tolerance towards racism as an individual or society as a whole could pave the way for less of it and try make this world a better place, discrimination-free and racism-free for our children, our childrens children.A world where we can all come together as one with peace and love no matter what race, skin- color or country were from, because I believe thatwithout discrimination and racism, the world would be a much better place for our species to multiply and replenish with equality for every man no matter what differences we have. Discrimination and racism should be stop and prevented forever. Dont cut off or avoid the scars of discriminations. Bibliography Shakespeare,William Othello playscript http//www. william-shakespeare. info/act1-script-text-othello. htm Knightley, Oscar Dawn Raids ()playscript from school http//www. laymarket. org. nz/node/3328 LaGravenese, Richard(2007)Freedom Writer movie http//www. imdb. com/title/tt0463998/or Youtube http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=m0PRB4YsXn4 experience=related Griffin, John Howard ()Black Like Me based on a real life event, based on a true story. http//www. imdb. com/title/tt0057889/ http//books. google. co. nz/books/about/Black_Like_Me. html? id=ObTddfcqk2gCredir_esc=y Top Documentary Film (1950s)TheUntold Story of Emmett Louis Till http//topdocumentaryfilms. com/the-untold-story-of-emmett-louis-till/

Glamourous

Dylon de Leon ENGL 100-08 QFRA 6-11 (pg. 186) Feb. 22, 2013 GLAMOUROUS What is glamour? How does it differ from looks, fame and fortune? In paragraph 12 of the article, the first few sentences be very effective. They use 3 multitude that a lot of people know today and go straight to the point about who they are in the political world. This is an example of Givhans strategy that was shown to be effective. Givhan uses a few strategies throughout his article.One of the specific strategies was using renowned and glamourous people that we see today as rich and famous and see as having fame and fortune. An otherwise comfortably strategy that he uses is pointing out the face between actors that they are not all what they seem and that who they really are isnt who we see in public, and that what we are really seeing and who we really think they are is just an act. He points out that really glamour makes people forget about who they are and make everything seem so beautiful in the world.G ivhans claim is simply that the people who we see living their lives full moon of fortune and happiness is simply not correct. He claims that glamour is just simply not all that great. Givhan states that glamour is situated in the now firearm cool is a step ahead. This claim makes perfect sense because glamour is just something that is seen in the moment and not in the future. Cool on the other hand is something that is seen outside of what is on the big screen, therefore is seen in more than just the present. It may just be the way that I look at it that makes sense.You can tell the difference between Glamour, Charisma, and cool, by what they show and what makes each characteristic what it is. Glamour is a sort of fairytale, Charisma is personal, and cool is just, well, cool. If someone was to privation to be cool, I would suggest that they do something to inspire people as a famous person. Cool isnt about having lots of stuff and flavor good, there is a big difference. To be c ool, you have to show the people that you are cool and show the people you are more than just good looks.

Human Infrastructure of Toyota Production System

In baseball club to produce world-class, quality automobiles at competitive price levels, Toyota has developed an unified approach to production which humankindages equipment, materials, and people in the most efficient manner while ensuring a healthy and safe work environment (Toyota web page). The Toyota takings System is built on two main principles Just-In-Time production (the manufacturing and conveyance of only what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed), and Jidoka. (to the ability to stop production lines, by man or machine, in the event of problems such as equipment malfunction, quality issues, or late work).Underlying this management philosophy and the entire Toyota production process is the fantasy that Good Thinking Means Good Product. From the systems perspective, the human infrastructure is a set of processes and structures within TPS. Key elements of that human infrastructure are a. Effective economic consumption of every members time. b. Total participation at all levels .Encouragement of ingenuity Toyota has developed a system where the human infrastructure work harmoniously with the rest of the operating system. Some of the attributes of Toyotas human infrastructure are intensifier training, rapid problem solution skills, and teamwork. The expectation was that problems will be solved promptly, completely, and systematically. A review of the Toyotas Georgetown, Kentucky, Plant case betokens the above unwrap elements of human infrastructure were evident at various degrees.TMM did receive intensive training from TMC, starting a year ahead of plant opening, one-on-one, as well as having TMC trainers remain in Kentucky for a few years. However, as indicated in the case, team members time was not always effectively utilized. In some tasks, such as when a car had a pose problem the team leader pulled the andon cord to signal Ok and then tagged the car to alert Quality and moving the car to the Code 1 clinic area to see i f the problem was correctable there.This process does not present value added and is in contradiction to Jidoka principles. As Friesen found out on his locomote between Final 1 and Final 2, the workers interviewed only knew of a few seat incidents, which was contradictory to the data posted at work stations. This indicates very flyspeck involvement of the workers in the root cause investigation. The majority of defects indicate missing parts and material flaws. Application of the Five Whys exercise could very well indicate a supplier issue.The TMM case does not mention of any instance where team member ingenuity was encouraged or demonstrated in solving any of the prevailing issues that are causing the Andons. The only instance where the group leader, Shirley Sargent, had reported the problem with the rear seat hook, months had elapsed and she yet had to receive an definition or participate in possible solutions. Another issue that would need to be investigated and analyzed is th e steady increase, and disparity of Andon pulls between the 1st and 2nd raise Rear Seat teams.This could indicate that non-standardized procedures are used or training deficiencies among the teams. Doug Friesen is correct in applying Jidoka in going and seeing the problem. There are key elements of the human infrastructure, such as active encouragement of ingenuity, and worker participation in the solutions, that would help in the solutions. Also, a seat supplier kaizen is in order to identify NVA tasks, analyze the effectiveness of pulling problem cars off line for repairs, and prepare for the needs for the additional 18 seat variations expected for the Japan and middle East markets.

What is digital television?

digital boob tube offers a superior format by broadcasting sharpie pictures and cle ber sound. Also, digital goggle box is versatile and can be utilise for a variety of purposes. Further much, with digital telecasting receiver, there is an good use of the spectrum for a variety of essential services such as police departments, emergency services, voice communication companies, etc. This is because digital signals free up bandwidth and provide space. Jerome Adda and Marco Ottaviani write that, Digital compression technology allows virtually six times as many channels to be broadcast with the same amount of spectrum use by one latitudeue channel. (169)Digital television is a new advanced technology which is used to identify and receive broadcast signals (both picture and sound). Digital television supports the following services subscription TV programming, computer bundle distribution, data transmissions, teletext, interactive services and phone signals. Digital televisi on is superior to analog television because it is more accurate, versatile and harmonious with former(a) electronic media such as computers, satellites, mobile phones, etc. Digital television has certain technical specifications which set it apart.Joel Brinkley writes that these qualities of digital television have made it very popular and attractive. These are as follows progressive scanning, second power pixels, enhanced frame rates, added lines per frame, different aspect ratios, different aspect ratios, and clearer sound. continuous tense scanning is a better technical format than interlaced scanning. The former allows for smooth sequence of tv frames. With this, progressive scanning which is used in digital television allows for compatibility amid digital television and computers.With square pixels, digital television has 1920 pixels per line and a total of 1080 lines per frame. This gives pictures on digital television a sharper resolution. With the enhanced frame rates d igital television allows more frames per second. As a result inquiry portrayed on digital television is more realistic- the more frames per second, the more realistic motion depart be. The aspect ratio for digital television is 169. This aspect ratio of digital television gives larger pictures and binds viewing more natural. Digital television produces clear sound because it uses five channels of discrete bundle disc quality audio.Apart from the aforementioned, digital television presents a number of advantages which hitherto were unavail open with analog television. With digital television there is a wider choice of programs available for the audience to choose from. Digital television presents a large number of channels and this does non affect the quality of any the programs on the channels. Furthermore, on digital television, the audience is able to engage in other activities such as electronic shopping, betting, etc. Digital television is also a channel for reaching the a udience with information services because the medium is not restrictive.With digital television, the audience is able to browse the Internet. Also, digital television also provides telephone services and is compatible with computers and mobile phones. The technology of digital television is very compatible with many other digital devices. This business leader makes it possible to gain a high level of interactivity on digital television. Viewers are able to vote on digital television using remote controls, as well as achieve two way communication with the mother space for various purposes.In terms of income generation, digital television offers an efficient way of monitoring subscriptions and ensures that only people who pay receive the service. In this way digital television is very useful to manager so broadcast stations. From this time on, there has been steady growth in digital television. Toward this end, there has been a deadline set to ensure a transition from analog broadc asting to digital broadcasting in the United States. Other developed countries of the world have also set dates for this transition. declension of digital television.Although digital television is often perceived as a recent phenomenon, the journey to where it is at a time began a long time ago. According to black lovage B. Magoun the first digital television system originated amid 1956 and1961. It was started by Richard Webb, an ex RCA engineer, who was working on contracts for encrypted video communication contracts required by the military and issue Security Agency in the United States of America. Magoun writes that Richard Webb was able to obtain digital signals when he converted the analog brightness data from a monochrome video signal into a binary bitstream.This binary bitstream was encrypted by the digital computers used by the US Military at the time. Webb based his work on the fellowship and experience of other engineers from other companies. Webb found the modulatio n technique of Frank DeJager (an engineer from Phillips) very useful. in the beginning this modulation technique was used in sound recordings. Using the modulation technique, Webb and his team in cobalt encoded the relative brightness of each pixel (they did not encode the absolute brightness). In doing this, they saved authoritative bandwidth and created a wizard channel for data transmission.Thus digital television came into being. The first digital television station was demonstrateed in the White house when President Dwight Eisenhower was in office. This system remained in place in the white house till 1979. What is Analog Television? Analog television encodes pictures using varying single voltage and radio frequencies. Analog television receives and displays broadcast signals that are convey using the radio waves. Alexander B. Magoun notes that in analog television, the video component is transmitted using amplitude modulation (AM) while the audio component is transmitted using frequency modulation (FM).Analog television is inefficient because it is subject to interference. When this interference happens, the pictures beseem grainy and picture quality is greatly diminished. The quality of analog signals is dependent on the distance between the receiver and the transmitting station. On analog television, the broadcast signal continues to weaken as distance improver from the broadcast station to the receiver. When this happens, the pictures which appear on the analog television become ghosty with grains (it appears to be snowy). This is often referred to as a snowy, fuzzy or ghosted picture.However, digital television is able to overcome this shortcoming which plagues analog television. With digital television, distance does not matter. No matter how far the broadcast station is from the receiver, the picture quality does not diminish. As long as the digital signal is still being received, the picture quality cadaver the same. Digital television do es not suffer from ghosting or noise that arises from weak signals. The converter boxes which are used by digital tuners receive numeric information from the antenna. This eliminates the possibility of interference in digital signals.Analog television signals are transmitted using and interlaced format. In this interlaced format, the odd number lines are transmitted first before the even number lines. Each of these sets of lines are referred to as fields. These two fields make up one picture frame, i. e. the video image. In a sense, analog television is restrictive. On the other hand digital television provides an opportunity for datacasting which enhances interactivity. In this modern age there is need to establish a two way relationship with the audience and this is what digital television ensures.The era of delayed feedback is no longer the case. Audience reaction can be measured with ease. However, it is important to state that analog television has been used before the advent o f digital television. Although the former has its shortcomings it has served many uses in society to date. In the ahead of time days, according to American television standards, there the analog television was operated at 30Hz frames per second. This was in contrast to the 24 frames per second in the early days of motion pictures. However, with the introduction of color television there was a slight adjustment to 29. 97Hz frames per second.

Comparative Analysis †Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton Essay

The two speeches orated by Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton were delivered in 1995 to influence change. Wiesels, mind to the silent screams was delivered at Auschwitz. World leaders and survivors listened as he influenced the audience to act upon racial hate and religious extremism. Clinton delivered her speech at the United Nations 4th conference on Womens Rights Plenary academic session in Beijing. This is ironic given Chinas poor record for human rights violations, particularly against females.Delegates and women from every(prenominal) over the land came to hear her rebuttal, Womens rights argon human rights. both Wiesels and Clintons speeches ar relevant today as two their aspirations of human rights for all set out not yet been to the full realised. Both verbaliseers broadcast their message by addressing the audience through with(predicate) exhibiting their dresser and rhetorical devices. Both speakers comprise authority and credibility for themselves as speake rs and for their cause in different ways. Wiesel is authoritative as he has lived through the final solution, whereas Clinton is authoritative as she is an active feminist.Wiesel addresses his audience by using personal pronouns to create equality, I speak to you as a man, who 50 years and nine days ago had no name, no hope, no future and was known only by his number, A7713. This statistical information shows the formality of the occasion and establishes that being in Auschwitz has influenced his view on humanity. He has seen what humanity has done to itself by trying to exterminate an entire concourse and inflict suffering and humiliation and death on so many others.Wiesel does not specifically pick up one group of people for doing this he influences the audience to understand whole of humanity was responsible for Auschwitz. Contrastingly, Clinton establishes her authority by being female, by being indefatigable, and by speaking to and for women from all over the world. She state s, Over the out of dateen 25 years I have worked persistently on issues relating to women, children and families. This shows she is serious about womens right, it is something she powerfully believes in, and her commitment to the cause is absolute. Clinton has worked on womens rights for the past 25 years.Not only is she committed, in addition she brings experience. By listing countries in which she has talked to mothers about their issues, I have met new mothers in Indonesia Denmark second Africa India Bangladesh Belarus Ukraine Chernobyl , she highlights her credibility to appear influential and qualified to act as a voice on their behalf. She has met mothers who are voiceless, now she has the responsibility to speak out, to be the one voice that is heard. Both speakers establish their authority by validating their cause and using rhetorical devices .Wiesel uses emotive language and imagery, whereas Clinton appeals to fact. Imagery is used in Wiesels speech to capture the surr eality of the Holocaust. Clinton uses fact to update the audience with reality of the world, and influences the audience with statistical information. Wiesel uses representative send offs of mothers and old men and women, attend to the silent screams of terrified mothers, the prayers of anguished old men and women. The use of the emotively loaded adjectives terrified and anguished shows the reader their vulnerability. Prayers, shows helplessness and desperation as there was nothing they could do but hope. Their prayers went unanswered, as did the silent screams. Wiesel uses anaphora and imperative to influence the reader the dead have never been laid to rest, Listen to the tears of children, Jewish children, a beautiful little girl among them, with golden hair, whose vulnerable tenderness has never left me. Wiesel influences the audience to pity the children, the most innocent of mankind. He achieves this by describing a representative figure who stands for all Jewish children. Through the description of, vulnerable tenderness he emphasises the frailty and innocence of children, opus showing that this was brutally crushed. There was no mercy. The weak were tormented, the most innocent were sentenced to a death both unimaginable and undignified, Look and listen as they quietly walk towards dark flames so gigantic that the major planet itself seemed in danger. The metaphor shows the quantity and mass of the deaths, that people were being murdered on such a large scale that it seemed as if the whole world would be consumed.In contrast to Wiesel, Clinton used statistics end-to-end her speech to underline the importance of womens rights. Statistics were used to give the reader an idea of scale, Women comprise more(prenominal) than half the worlds population, 70% of the worlds poor, and two-thirds of those who are not taught to read and write. Incorporating researched data gives realism and urgency. When statistics are used the audience is able to comprehe nd what is happening and who is involved. By using sheaths Clinton is copulation the audience it should not be a problem as it involves at least half of the worlds population.Clinton gives examples from all over the world of what is happening, one of them being, It is a violation of human rights when babies are denied food, or drowned, or suffocated, or their spines broken, simply because they are born girls. Notice in this it is not only verbalise as a violation of womens rights, but a violation of human rights. We are human, and we have rights. The violence needs to stop in the name of humanity as a whole. Both Wiesel and Clinton are telling the world through the power of rhetoric, that change is needed.These speeches are relevant and persistent today. The issue of effectively opposing religious fanaticism, racial hate, and building gender equality have enduring relevance in all countries. With, let us stop the bloodshed in Bosnia, Rwanda and Chechnia the vicious and ruthless terror attacks against Jews in the Holy Land, Wiesel is saying humanity has turned on itself before, and suffered before, yet we have not learned. He commands we must reject and oppose more effectively religious fanaticism and racial hate. set aside the Holocaust to be the past, Wiesel urges we must focus on a safer future for our children so that the millions who died in the Holocaust did not do so in vain. Clinton speaks to the world, urging the importance of gender equality, Even now, in the slowly 20th century, the rape of women continues to be used as an instrument of armed conflict. In this she gives an example of why gender equality needs to occur by giving an example of what is happening today. Both speakers influence the audience through exhibiting their authority and use of power, they show that these issues are pressing and cannot be ignored.

Learning style Essay

There is no credible separate that thatched roofing moods exist. While we will elaborate on this assertion, it is important to counter achievement the real harm that whitethorn be d unity by equivocating on the matter. In what follows, we will begin by defining encyclopaedism styles in that locationfore we will address the states made by those who believe that they exist, in the exhibit acknowledging what we consider the valid claims of larn-styles theorists. nevertheless in separating the wheat from the pseudoscientific chaff in acquisition-styles theory, we will put up clear that the wheat is contained in former(a) teaching methodal approachinges as well.A tactual sensation in take aiming styles is non necessary to incorporating useful knowledge about(predicate) attainment into virtuosos teaching. We will then discuss the reasons why t every last(predicate)ying styles beliefs atomic frame 18 so prevalent. Fin entirelyy, we will collide wither suggestions abou t collegiate pedagogy, given up that we need no testify learning styles do not exist. What is a Learning Style? The claim at the center of learning-styles theory is this Different students engage assorted modes of learning, and their learning could be improved by matching ones teaching with that preferred learning mode.The way theorists bring on defined modes of learning has changed over the much than 50 years that this concept has been in vogue. Proposed modes have allow ind dichotomies such as linear vs. holistic, impulsive vs. reflective, reasoning vs. insight, and optic vs. verbal. The most popular current conception of learning styles equates style with the preferred bodily sense through which one receives information, whether it be visual, auditory, or kinesthetic (for some reason, no one claims that there ar tactile or ol positionory learners).We use this sensory definition of learning styles in the examples below, notwithstanding our conclusions take to equally to other definitions. As you will see, the claim that the mode of showing should match the preferred mode of learning subsumes several other claims, and it is worth unpacking the learning-styles concept in auberge to consider its constituent subclaims separately. Which Claims of Learning-Styles Theorists are Correct? We believe that some general assertions of learning-styles proponents have nearly linguistic universal consensus, based on a wealth of evidence.We begin by acknowledging the truth of these claims in order to recite them from other ones without brave. The first claim is this Learners are different from each other, these differences affect their performance, and teachers should take these differences into account. This is true and acknowledge by educators and cognitive scientists alike. While many of those scientists seek to discover general principles of learning, we all acknowledge that there are differences among students. Understanding these differences and ap plying that lowstanding in the categorizeroom can improve everyones education.We can father further agreement on some of the differences that matter for learning. First, whether we call it talent, ability, or intelligence, people vary in their capacity to learn different areas of content. One of the authors (Riener) has fraternal twin sons, and despite having most of the same experiences, one has learned to read earlier and the other is a purify basketball player. This is clearly due to catching differences in talent rather than a bizarre experiment in which the parents decided that one would be a basketball player and the other a professor.With educators under 6 feet tall for both parents and grandparents, they are both probably doomed to proceed to graduate school rather than to the NBA. Second, and often intertwined with ability, students differ in their interests. If a student loves the piano, or basketball, or chess, or the biology of frogs, that student will no dubiety le arn material related to that subject faster than another one who does not share that fascination. We all agree that interest and attention are preconditions of learning and vary from student to student, depending on the subject.Third, students differ in their scope knowledge, and that difference learns their learning. This is on the face of it true in the sense that a large vocabulary allows one to read a wider alteration of books. And it is further true in fields such as floor One cant hope to learn much about the causes and consequences of the American Civil war without knowing facts about the growth and separation of the colonies, the history of economic differences surrounded by the North and the South, political facts about our three branches of governing, etc.But soil knowledge is also quite important in things we cypher of as skills. For example, learning basic math facts is critical to the acquisition of later math skills. Finally, some students have specific learn ing disabilities, and these affect their learning in specific ways. For example, there is considerable research on dyslexia and the strategies for addressing it. These strategies of course differ from those appropriate for those students on the autistic spectrum or those with hearing difficulties.In each of these cases, a specific difference in the student calls for individual diagnosis and attention. So in claiming that learning styles do not exist, we are not saying that all learners are the same. Rather, we assert that a authorized number of dimensions (ability, minimise knowledge, interest) vary from person to person and are known to affect learning. The emphasis on learning styles, we think, often comes at the cost of attention to these other important dimensions. What Do Learning-Styles Theorists Get Wrong?The contiguous claim is that learners have resources about how to learn that are independent of both ability and content and have meaningful implications for their learn ing. These tastings are not better or faster, according to learning-styles proponents, but merely styles. In other words, just as our social selves have personalities, so do our memories. Students do have preferences about how they learn. many another(prenominal) students will report preferring to study visually and others through an auditory channel.However, when these angleencies are put to the test under controlled conditions, they make no differencelearning is equivalent whether students learn in the preferred mode or not. A favorite mode of commitation (e. g. , visual, auditory, or kinesthetic) often reveals itself to be instead a preference for tasks for which one has high ability and at which one feels successful. But even if we did identify preferences that were independent of ability, finding ones that are independent of content is a much trickier proposition. If I were to tell you I want to teach you something.Would you rather learn it by seeing a slideshow, reading it as text, hearing it as a podcast, or enacting it in a series of movements, do you think you could answer without first asking what you were to learna dance, a piece of medicine, or an equation? While it may seem like a silly example, the claim of the learning styles approach is that one could make such a choice and improve ones learning through that choice, independent of content. We all agree that some kids show more than interest in math, some start their education more interested in poetry, and others are more interested in dodgeball.The proof that the learning-styles theorist must find is that for some motley of contentwhether it be math, poetry, or dodgeballchanging the mode of presentation to match the learning styles helps people learn. That evidence has simply not been found. Finally, we arrive at the critical and specific claim of learning-styles proponents Learning could be improved by matching the mode of instruction to the preferred learning style of the student. Le arning-styles believers do not make the claim that students sort neatly into sensory categories One need not be purely visual, auditory or kinesthetic.But according to the theory, an educator should be able to improve the performance of those who have a strong preference for one of these sensory styles by matching instruction to their preference. Failure to find any experimental support for matching the mode of instruction to a preferred learning style would simply leave us where we were at the end of the section above Students have different interests, backgrounds, and abilities. And indeed, a recent review member in the journal Psychological comprehension in the populace Interest by a convention of distinguished memory researchers sought to find evidence for this claim in particular.If you are visual, you should learn better with a visual presentation of information than with an auditory one. If you are auditory, you should learn better with auditory materials than with visual ones. Each of this pair of results is necessary to support this element of learning-styles theory. But experiments that tested this prediction with a variety of content material have not found support for it. While such evidence of learning styles would serve as a proof that they exist, the lack of evidence does not prove definitively that they do not exist.However, in order to persuade us to devote the time and energy to adopt a certain kind of differentiated teaching, the burden of proof is on those who argue for the existence of that description of students cognitive strategies. In other words, a good rule of thumb is that we should only bring ideas from the laboratory into our teaching if (1) we are sure that the laboratory phenomena exist under at least some conditions and (2) we understand how to usefully apply these laboratory phenomena to instruction.The first of these two conditions is not met for learning styles, and the first is obviously a precondition for the second. w hy Does the Belief in Learning Styles Persevere? What are the reasons for this myths perseverance? First, we think that a belief in learning styles persists because the more general claims (the ones we addressed above) are true. Learners do differ from one another. But many who believe in the myth do not consider the critical differences between styles and abilities. Teachers should take into account the differences in learners abilities.And adjusting a lesson not just to be appropriately pitched at the students level of ability but to take into account their background knowledge and interests is surely an important first step in fostering learning. Second, a belief in learning styles fits into an egalitarian view of education Everyone has value, according to the theory, and everyone has strengths. The corollary for some learning-styles theorists is that if you think that the theory is wrong, you must think that all students are identicalwhich is obviously untrue.Again, we agree tha t students differ and all students have value, but we do not need learning-styles theory to change over us of that. Third, learning-styles theory has succeeded in becoming common knowledge. Its widespread acceptance serves as an unfortunately oblige reason to believe it. This is accompanied by a well-known cognitive phenomenon called the confirmation bias. When evaluating our own beliefs, we tend to seek out information that confirms our beliefs and ignore contrary information, even when we encounter it repeatedly.When we see someone who professes to be a visual learner excel at geography and an auditory learner excel at music, we do not seek out the information which would disprove our interpretation of these events (can the auditory learner learn geography through hearing it? Can the visual learner become better at music by seeing it? ) Why Should College Educators Care? We have addressed the direct costs of the learning-styles myth above, but there are considerable opportunit y costs as well. The same research in cognitive science and education that has failed to find evidence for learning styles has offered many insights into how memory does work.Mind dumbfound (2006) by Stanford psychologist hum Dweck is an excellent summary of the interesting ways that incentivesboth carrots and sticksas well as internal drives influence learning. And Henry L. Roediger and his associates at Washington University in St. Louis have demonstrated the value of testing for learning. horizontal the act of taking a test when one does not know the answers can support learning the turn down answers faster and more effectively. Of course learning is an enormously complex activity, and this is not the place to outline all of the basic research on learning.We seek only to emphasize that attention to learning styles, for which evidence has not been found, may lead educators to neglect research on learning for which there is solid scientific support. Even though the belief in lea rning styles has influenced pedagogy in the schools far more than it has in higher(prenominal) education, we believe that there are several other reasons faculty might pay attention to the fact that researchers have failed to find evidence of learning styles, reasons that have important implications for the college classroom.First, when we poll our undergraduate classes on the belief in a number of myths of popular psychology, the one that people have their own learning styles is typically endorsed by more than 90 percent of our students. This belief has the potential to shape and constrain the experience that students have in the college classroom. For example, if a student believes she is a visual learner and therefore disengages and daydreams when a lecturer turns off the PowerPoint and tells a story, this will prevent her from learning the concept through a compelling narrative.And while these beliefs may not have as direct an impact on performance reviews as they do in K-12 set tings, a belief in learning styles occasionally shows up in student evaluations of teaching I am a visual learner, so the visual examples were good, or I am an auditory learner, so more auditory content would have helped. Second, learning-styles theory is sometimes offered as a reason to include digital media in the classroom.While including multimedia may be a good idea in general (variety in modes of presentation can hold students attention and interest, for example), it is not necessary to cut down your media to different learning styles. We shouldnt congratulate ourselves for showing a video to engage the visual learners or crack podcasts to the auditory learners. Rather, we should realize that the value of the video or audio will be determined by how it suits the content that we are asking students to learn and the backgroundknowledge, interests, and abilities that they bring to it. Instead of asking whether we engaged the rightfield sense (or learning mode), we should be a sking, what did students think about while they were in class? Finally, when one has the opportunity in a smaller class to collect information about students and more specifically to tailor a lesson to that particular group of students, it is a waste of time to assess learning styles rather than, for instance, background knowledge. The latter can obviously be extremely useful.We often use prerequisites to ensure common background knowledge of students in a given class, but assessment at the beginning of a class can be an excellent reminder of how little of the prerequisite course content is easily recalled. assessment of student interest can also be a useful tool for deciding how to approach the material in a given class. Some indication can be gained by what big league are represented in the class, but more specific interests assessed through a brief questionnaire or class discussion can also be useful in certain situations, such as small or homogeneous classes.So here is the punc h line Students differ in their abilities, interests, and background knowledge, but not in their learning styles. Students may have preferences about how to learn, but no evidence suggests that catering to those preferences will lead to better learning. As college educators, we should apply this to the classroom by continuing to present information in the most appropriate manner for our content and for the level of prior knowledge, ability, and interests of that particular set of students. Resources 1. Dweck, C.(2006) Mindset The new psychology of success, Random House, New York, NY. 2. Paschler, H. , McDaniel, M. , Rohrer, D. and Bjork, R. (2010) Learning styles Concepts and evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 9, pp. 105-119. 3. Roediger, H. L. and Karpicke, J. D. (2006) The power of testing memory Basic research and implications for educational practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science 1, pp. 181-210. Cedar Riener is an assistant professor of psychology at Randolph-Macon College. Daniel Willingham is a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia.He blogs at the Washington Post and is the author of Why Dont Students Like School? (Jossey-Bass, 2009). link up Notes Change Magazine September-October 2010The Myth of Learning Styles by Cedar Riener and Daniel Willingham There is no credible evidence that learning styles exist. While we will elaborate on this assertion, it is important to counteract the Learning with es A convenient untruthThursday, 24 November 2011 A convenient untruth What do you think is the teachers worst enemy? Some would say lack of time. Others would say unsupportive leadership, or the dreaded government inspect

Life Cycle Assestment Essay

The automotive industry is major component of the Ameri merchant ship economy, just now excessively is a very devastating one, which consumes in large quantities natural resources and generates a lot of waste. This industry contri savees pollution with toxic substances and fossil fuels. By knowing the Life cycle implication of a specific design materials are the key point for managing and universe able to have decision qualification strategy .The results of the Life cycle analysis of cars provide cultivation on n environmental impact issues. The evaluation of automobiles fueled, new technologies such as electricity and bollix up units pile prove the benefits and decrease the environmental impact. Although none of these alternatives is a clear winner, lowering emissions and improving sustainability is a priority of this industry.Companies such as the Ford Motor Company need future regulation, g everyplacenment priorities and expert developments in order to achieve sustainabi lity. For understanding the end-of-life on a Ford Motor Company vehicle we must draw the life cycle concept. By material life cycle I quote to Consecutive and interlinked stages of a harvest-festival or service system, from the extraction of natural resources to the final disposal. , as write in the International Organization of Standards (ISO) norm 14040.2. With the knowledge of the life cycle path we can define the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)?which is also stated under the same above ISO regulation as This concept he ?Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is A systematic set of procedures for compiling and examining the inputs and outputs of materials and talent and the associated environmental impacts directly attributable to the functioning of a product or service system end-to-end its life cycle.1. Life Cycle Assessment is a deal to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with a product, process, or activity by identifying the quantity of energy and materials used and waste s released to the environment and being able to assume the damage it causes to the environmental issues. Ford might make use of this tool for making a compression and to ruin understand their environmental, social and economical impact. Ford is actively growth and applying life cycle assessment methodologies that can be applied in the vehicle industry supporting Fords Design for milieu approaches LCA is a powerful decision making tool, which identifies the factor that will be used in his process to accomplish a greatdecision. This is used as an aid from the industry. The criteria may depend on who is making the decision. This tool is used for tracking system movement for a diversity of criteria standardized emissions, energy use, and monetary costs, among others. This tool can also evaluate environmental impacts from the process or the production of a product it also helps to compare options between competition and consumers.The aluminum, plastic and steel industries are deve loping new ideas and technologies with automakers in order to study the environmental impact of vehicles. By using the ?life cycle inventory (LCI) (The graduation step of the LCA the one that uses methods to estimate the environmental performance of a product or process over its entire life cycle) . have studied the energy flows and its uses in extraction of the raw material from the accepted source , emissions, amount of fuel consumed and the end-of-live of the waste disposal . The average of aluminum has increased in the bypast decade, as an example is the ?increase from 64 kilograms to 113 per vehicle in 1999.?The aluminum, steel, plastics and auto industries are cooperating in developing a credible, authoritative database of information that the auto companies can use to meet their customers requirements and enhance the environmental performance of their vehicles, said David Parker, president of the Aluminum Association. 2 As an example of the above explained issue I can mak e an explanation trough the aluminum use in vehicle assembly. Aluminum saves an equivalent of 20 kilograms of carbon dioxide emission over its lifetime. Due to the reduction of the weight, its recycling properties ( ?In North America, 96 portion of automobiles enter the recycling process,? said Andrew Sharkey, the American Iron and Steel Institutes chief executive officer and president. 2) and energy sources.The energy consumption for aluminum productions are non pollutant and it is very easy material to recycle. No additional scrap exists in aluminum recycling process. Aluminum reduce 10 % of the weight and with it, there is a fuel economy procession between 6-8 %. Ford itself has reported a 4% improvement in fuel reduction from the 10% weight reduction. Ford produces 24 million cars and truck per grade imagines how much they can save non only in an economical area but alsothe environmental benefit for not exhausting the natural sources and preserving the planet. In 1999, Ford used about 88 million pounds of recycled non-metallic materials in its products and has set a goal to use more than 132 million pounds of recycled non-metallic material by 2002.A solution for this problem that nowadays it has been a little bit more lay claimn in consideration is the use of alternative fuels and electric vehicles. Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) use internal combustion engines but run on fuels like compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol and many others. electric battery electric vehicles (BEVs) use electric motors for propulsion. The motors run on electricity stored on board the vehicles in batteries.? With projects like Hybrid vehicles Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) combine conventional internal combustion and battery electric powertrains to take advantage of the capabilities of each and the synergies between them and lightweigthing steels material the industry will make a huge part to reach sustainability.Full cost accounting is a tool that tries to assign values to all of the hostelry costs, but it is very difficult to apply it properly. Issues like Health management might be reusable to understand better this tool. In a free-market society such as the American decisions are not done by a central planning organizations that optimizes the social costs or criteria for society issues , but on the basis of market prices of alternative products and technologies . Ultimately, comparisons between new technologies should be done based on lifecycle assessments for achieving sustainability or at lest an improvement on it.

“Journey’s End” by R.C Sherriff Essay

journeyings End is a play about British soldiers in World War One, and the set up the struggle has on them, both physically and workforcetally. The play explores many aspects of war life, including friendship, alcoholism, class boundaries and the lifestyle of the men in the impingees. This essay explores how the play shows the set up of war on those involved, looking at use of dialogue, lighting, hold and other key dramatic devices. The essay will mainly focus on Act 3, conniption 2 of the play, but relevant quotes from other scenes in journeyings End will besides be use to help illustrate points.Stanhope, the Commander of the company, is a prime lawsuit of how the war do many intelligent, able young men. The audience knows Stanhope is a uncorrupted officer and is well respected from earliest dialogue in the play. For example, in Act 1 aspect 1, Osborne says, Hes a prospicient way the best company commander weve got, and Hardy agrees.Stanhope is besides a humorous ma n, and rear get under ones skin on very well with his fellow officers. For example, at the beginning of Act 3 Scene 2, he has all the men in stitches, relating tales of mischief with women.However, he appears to only be in a good mood when he has been beverage, which he does a crew. We know this because in the very first scene of Journeys End, Hardy discusses Stanhopes swallow habits with Osborne, saying, I never did see a youngster determine away the whisky he does. One of the main effects of the war on Stanhope is his drinking. He drinks for Dutch courage on the battlefield, and in Act 1 he confesses this to Osborne, saying If I went up those steps into the front line without being doped up with whisky Id go thin-skinned with fright. This quote tells the audience that Stanhope has cut to depend upon drinking to help him cope, and certainly has nigh tolerant of alcohol problem. The excessive drinking also greatly affects his temper, and he has fierce mood swings throughou t the play. An example of one of these mood heightens is the contrast between hisjolly, merry demeanour at the beginning of Act 3 Scene 2, and the undiluted rage he expresses later on in the scene when he confronts capital of North Carolina about his failure to attend dinner. These changes in his demeanour are shown by the changes in tone and deal of his voice throughout Act 3 Scene 2. At the start of his confrontation with capital of North Carolina, he speaks in a fairly mild, controlled tone of voice. Silence is indicated by the stage directions to create tension, for example in that respect is concealment except for the the rumble of the guns, creates a distinct impression of awkwardness and fraught tension. The use of silence also contrasts strongly with the way Stanhope yells angrily at Raleigh later on in the scene. These well(p) devices both grab the audiences attention, and show them incisively how enraged Stanhope is.Even the sight of Raleigh appears to crossness Sta nhope. This is because Stanhope was at school with him, and is engaged to his sister. Stanhope is paranoid that Raleigh will tell his sister about his drinking habit, and seeing a familiar face from the outside world has rattled him because he is so utilise to the routine of war. After Osborne, whom he was very close to, is killed during a raid, the men do not openly grieve, but try and act normally to keep their morale up, and have a dinner with cigars and champagne to celebrate the successful raid. Raleigh refuses to go to dinner, which greatly angers Stanhope. By the end of Act 3 Scene 2, Stanhope is absolutely livid with fury. The last line he shouts For Gods sake, get out is hence followed by silence, which is a very effective device in grabbing the audiences attention and creating a mood of fear and apprehension. Overall, Act 3 Scene 2 is most effective in display an audience just how much of an impact the war has had on Stanhope and his personality.Raleigh is another chara cter who is greatly effected by war, but, un wish well Stanhope who has been been in the trenches a long time, Raleigh is very inexperienced, which makes him appear exceedingly naive and vulnerable. Raleighs first reaction upon entering the trenches (Act 1) is that of surprise. He has been expecting more noise and excitement, and says to Osborne, How awfully quiet it isTo begin with, Raleigh is very eager to go out and fight, but Osbornes expiryafter the raid has a big effect on him. He cannot understand how the men can sit, eating fine food and drinking champagne ,when one of their closest companions has been killed. However, Raleigh does not pass that the reason why they are doing this is to try and help themselves to forget the tragedy that has occurred, and to boost morale amongst the men. Raleigh has misunders withald the situation, and only realises his error at the end of Act 3 Scene 2, when Stanhope shouts, You think theres no limit to what a man can bear? Raleigh trie s to apologise, but Stanhope is too incensed with rage to listen.By the end of that particular scene, even though Raleigh has only been at war for a week, he is already a changed person. His short battle experience has erased whatever kinky expectations he has had before, and he now knows about the harsh realities of life in the trenches. We know this because of his obvious change in mood and personality- by Act 3 Scene 2 he says a lot less than he has beforehand, and stage directions tell us at one point, Raleigh speaks in a low, halting voice. R.C Sherriff has chosen to alter his speech and tone of voice to show the audience intelligibly how the raid has affected Stanhope as a person.Osborne is a character who is very much aware of the realities of trench warfare, as the oldest and one of the most experienced officers in the Company. In Act 1 the stage directions strike Osborne as hard as nails- physically and emotionally strong. He is a father figure out for the other officer s, and is affectionately known as Uncle. Osborne is also a loyal and caring friend. The audience knows this because in Act 1 he defends Stanhope to Hardy, who is criticising the Commanders drinking patterns. He also puts Stanhope to bed when he is drunk, which shows that he has a caring nature. He and Stanhope are extremely good friends- the war has brought them very close. talk throughout the play shows that Osborne tends to use short sentences, such as Oh?, and I see. He is more of a listener than a talker, and that comes across in the conversations he has with other characters. It is quite possible that he has always been a quiet man, but the war could have causedhim to become even quieter and more withdrawn.In Act 3 Scene 1, before he goes out during the raid, Osborne gives Stanhope his watch and ring with a earn to give to his wife, just in case anything should happen to him. Stanhope reassures him, Youre coming back, old man , and the deuce men laugh as they go their separate ways. However, neither of them really know if Osborne will come back alive or not, and this fear and uncertainty is another effect the war has on the men and their lives.Throughout the play, lighting is used to set the mood and display to the audience as realistically as possible what it was like for the men living(a) in the dugouts. There is little light for most of the play, just dim yellowish candles. On the very first page of the play, lighting is described in some detail. Phrases such as, A pale glimmer of moonlight, and the misty grey parapet give the mentation of a gloomy, shadowy atmosphere. The lack of light must have affected the mens horse sense of time and place. In the play, Trotter keeps a calendar so he can tell what sidereal day it is, and how long it is until the raid. However, in Act 3 Scene 2, the stage directions say, The dugout is lit quite festively with an uncommon amount of candles. At the beginning of this scene, the lighting reflects the bright, joll y mood of the men, and contrasts strongly with that of the previous scene.The sounds and support used in this scene are also very different to that of Act 3 Scene 1. The sound of laughter replaces the sound of heavy guns, which lightens the mood and relieves tension considerably. There are empty champagne bottles on the table, which shows they have been enjoying themselves. The food described in this scene (roast chicken), is very different to the food the men ravage in earlier scenes. In Act One, when Osborne asks what flavour soup they are having, Mason replies, Its yellow soup sir. Most of the officers came from upper/middle class public school backgrounds, so quite a big effect on them would be having to eat small portions of revolting, non- nutritious food. It would also be a major change for many of the men not having washing facilities, and having to survive in appalling living conditions. Many men would have suffered from acute boredomwhen nothing was going on, so many (li ke Stanhope) reverted to drinking or smoking heavily just for something to do. The war affected all the men involved in so many different ways, but obviously the main effect was that so many of them preoccupied their lives in battle.At the end of the play, Osborne and Raleigh have both been killed but Stanhope lives. The deaths of Raleigh and Osborne show that war is indiscriminate, and death can occur at anytime to anyone, regardless of age or experience. Raleigh is a young, inexperienced newcomer, and Osborne is an experienced senior officer, but they both die within a few days.Journeys End shows the effects of the war on the men involved very realistically, using dramatic devices such as sound, dialogue, props and lighting very effectively. It paints a clear picture in the readers mind of what it was like in the trenches, and how the men were affected by battle.