Effective Communication

5-Paragraph Essay on Abraham Lincoln

5-Paragraph Essay on Abraham Lincoln 5-Paragraph Essay on Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, was born on February 12, 1809 and died at the age of 56 on the 4th day of March 1861. Lincoln was the president of the United States for four years from 1861 to 1865. Lincoln was born in Hardin County in the state of Kentucky in a small cabin that only had one room. His parents, Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks were farmers who had a large track of land that measured 348 acres on which their cabin was situated. His parents were uneducated, however. Lincoln’s political career began in 1832 when he created a political campaign for a political party known as the Whig Party. This party was based on efforts that sought to improve navigation on the neighboring river. Ten years later, Lincoln married the love of his life, Mary Todd, with whom he had four sons. Unfortunately, only one of his four sons did not survive into adulthood. Lincoln’s participation in active national politics took a turn for the better in 1842 when he campaigned and was elected to the US House of Representatives. While at the House of Representatives, Lincoln accomplished a number of things including accrediting the American-Mexican war to then president, Polk. Lincoln was, however, not a popular figure with the democrats, due to his speeches that tended to go against the beliefs of the Democratic Party. In 1960, Lincoln’s political star had grown so much such that he was nominated by the Republican Party to become their presidential candidate. His temperate views on the issues of western origin and slavery are said to have significantly contributed to his preference as a Republican candidate. Throughout the election period, Lincoln did not give any speeches but instead gave the Republican organization charge of any speeches that were required. On the 6th day of November 1860, Lincoln assumed the highest office in the US when he was elected to the office of the president of the land. It was during Lincoln’s presidency that the Civil War began. This war began in the year 1861 and ended up consuming a large portion of Lincoln’s time as the president of America. Biographies of Lincoln report that Lincoln often found himself very frustrated by the events that were taking place in the war. The war eventually ended on the 9th day of April 1865 when Robert Lee decided to surrender in Virginia. The 14th day of April, 1865 is a popular day in Lincoln’s presidency because this is the day when, inside the Ford’s theater, Lincoln had gone to watch a play without his bodyguard who apparently had knowledge of the president’s planned assassination. It was while Lincoln watched the funniest part of the play, while seated on the balcony, that he was shot point blank in the head by John Wilkes Booth who had hoped that the noise from the cheers and laughter would swallow up the noise of the gunshot. Booth was captured, however, and the president passed away a few hours later. How to write a five paragraph essay about Abraham Lincoln: In the first paragraph, introduce your thesis. Make sure that you choose a contradictory thesis statement, otherwise, there wont be anything to support with further arguments. Take three major arguments that support your thesis and build three separate paragraphs to describe and support them. Dont forget to add your own opinion, but avoid being too emotional in it. Do you need a top-quality custom essay about Abraham Lincoln? Visit and order a custom written essay now!

Romanticism Or Postmodernism Arts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Romanticism Or Postmodernism Arts - Assignment Example The paper "Romanticism Or Postmodernism Arts" states the romanticism and postmodernism arts. Some artists popular in the postmodern movement are Chris Burden, Marcel Duchamp, Andy Warhol, James Rosenquist, Roy Lichtenstein, Barbara Kruger, Rene Magritte, and Umberto Boccioni. There are several arts pieces that fall under the postmodernist art category. Some personal favorites are that of Chris Burden's â€Å"The Reason for the Neutron Bomb,† which is made up of 50,000 nickels topped with matchsticks that represent the Soviet tank buildup in Europe. Another art piece under this category is that of Barbara Kruger entitled â€Å"Your Body is a Battleground,† which is a feminist take and critique on how media creates an idealized version of beauty. There is also James Rosenquist's â€Å"President Elect,† which is actually a campaign poster turned into a commentary about consumerism and commodification. It is said that postmodern art actually began after the WW1. Peop le have tried to believe and push for a better future. The views that tradition and anything linked to the past restricts freedom caused the evolution of the belief that changes can be done and that human destiny can be influenced through art. However, after the WW2, it is understandable how people felt it is almost impossible to sustain this ideal. Furthermore, with the Cold War and the continuous threats about mass destruction, an optimistic view of the future seems impossible. It seems now that the future is no longer the goal of art.

Proposal - Reclassifying Department of Child Services Investigators as Term Paper

Proposal - Reclassifying Department of Child Services Investigators as First Responders - Term Paper Example es where family preservation is not in the immediate best interest of the children and quick intervention must be taken to insure the safety and welfare of the children("Indiana department of," 2014).   In Indiana, the Department of Child Services has a separate office in each of Indiana’s 92 counties. Each Department of Child Services office in every county works with that county’s court system and law enforcement personnel.   For the Investigators, those that respond to the initial report of abuse and neglect, they are often called upon to act quickly and make important decisions on a moments notice; therefore, it is crucial that Department of Child Services Investigators complete the necessary training to be considered qualified first responders ("Child protective services," 2014). The head of the program would be the state director. The state director shall oversee the overall progress of the whole program, make informed decisions on matters raising concern and evaluate the effectiveness and importance of the program. He/she is the core personnel in this program. Immediately below the state director is the regional director. They are several in number and are spread over different regions of the country. They are responsible for the regions assigned to them and report any matters to the state director. County directors fall third in the organization’s hierarchy. Each one of them is assigned several counties to overlook and report to the relevant regional director. They mainly supervise the trained first responders of the department. The first responders comes fourth in the organization hierarchy. They could be a minimum of about ten in number when the program attains its maximum capacity over the years as time progresses. The first responders are the ones responsible for ground work of the program. They are to receive thorough training on how to be a first responder and execute the knowledge in the field in times of disaster. They form the most crucial

Thought Pieces Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thought Pieces - Assignment Example Drones have been in used for quite sometimes. Although at the time, they were used solely by the military to spy on rivals in the war field. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles has expanded since then. This is highly attributed to the advancement of technology. Nagelhout, (2013), says that many people are coming up with new and innovative ideas. With each passing day, better machines are being unveiled. It is startling to imagine how much the drones could do. It may even be scary to believe that such innovations could be used to harm people, or to spy on them. Drones carry cameras and can record things taking place. They can even go unnoticed, which makes it scarier. The 21st century is full of innovations, and there is so much to expect. An example of a company that is thinking about using drones is Amazon, which is in the process of experimenting with delivery of packages. Nardo, (2014), says that the drones will be able to deliver within a radius of ten miles, and they are expected to do so in about thirty minutes. This will be a significant boost to the business. What is being debated is that if the drones are allowed to do the delivery, and then what will people do? It means that the workload of the workers will be reduced, and many may even be laid off. Although it is a good idea that saves time and is very attractive to the customers, many considerations have to be made. With the rate in which new technology is being manifested, Nardo, (2014) adds that the future holds so much more. Other than all those uses named above, in the future I know that drones will be able to carry out more than just the simple tasks of delivering small packages. I see a future where unmanned aerial vehicles will be bigger in size and will be able to carry more weight. Drones will have new designs that are both appealing to look at and will have more power, higher speed and more accuracy. With a touch of a button, the machines will be smart enough to do carry out the

Industry Analysis Of The Beer Companies Commerce Essay

Industry Analysis Of The Beer Companies Commerce Essay The U.S. beer industry got its start in the 1840s and 1850s with the introduction of lager style beers, brought by German immigrants. Before that point, beers were heavily oriented toward ale, porter, and stout and were mostly brewed at home. At about the same time, several technological advances occurred that led to the development of the U.S. beer industry as we know it today. Mechanical refrigeration greatly aided in the production as well as the storage of beer. Pasteurization was also adopted during this period, which opened the way for wide-scale bottling and off-premise consumption of beer. By 1850 there were about 430 breweries in the United States, producing about 750,000 barrels of beer annually. Commercial brewers began to grow in size and number, and by the late nineteenth century there were almost 1,300 breweries. The beer industry is widely known for been an oligopoly. However, in our approach, we will explore the possibility of analyzing microbreweries in particular from a monopolistic competition market structure perspective. The beer market oligopoly is composed by three big players: Anheuser-Busch which holds 48 % of the market share, Miller Brewing Co., with 18% and Coors Brewing Co. with 11%. Please refer to the below graph and table for information regarding the market share held by the remaining companies. (Market shares are shown based on shipments of 205.6 million cases in 2005 and 210 in 2006) Anheuser-Busch Company is a dominate competitor. It is the largest brewing company in the United States, operating 12 breweries in the United States and 20 in other countries. Anheuser-Busch InBev is the largest global brewer with nearly 25% global market share and one of the worlds top five consumer products. The brewing industry as a whole is made up of several dominant multinational companies and thousands of smaller producers, which range from regional breweries to microbreweries. The market is heavily saturated with competition. The beer industry is divided into standard lager, premium lager, specialty beer, ales, stouts, and bitters, and low/no alcohol. These three varieties are divided in smaller categories based taste, what the beer is made from, calories, strength, etc. In the MillersCoors family they sell Miller Lite, Coors Light, Blue Moon Belgian White, Coors, Fosters Henry Weinghards, Icehouse, Keystone Premium, Leinenkugels Killians Irish Red. Miller Genuine Draft, Miller High Life, Milwaukees Best, Molson Canadian, Peroni Nastro Azzurro, Pilsner Urquell, Red Dog, and that just begins to scratch the surface. Coors and Miller light are the top selling beers. They are pale lager beers called Pilsners. Through diversification of products, mergers and joint ventures with competitors to strength portfolio diversity and gain market share MillerCoors Brewing Company has competed fiercely against its competition and will continue to grow through striving for excellence and innovation. Smaller Competitors (not limited too) Asahi Breweries Diageo Heineken Kirin Brewery Company Carlsbery Boston Beer Company Lion Nathan San Miguel Corporation II. Socioà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Economic The alcohol industry has faced many policies, regulations, laws, and rules to govern the manufacture, promotion, distribution, sale, and use of alcohol. Some include but are not limited to. The Prohibition in the United States banning the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol shut down the brewing industry for 13 year between 1920 and 1933. The alcohol excise taxes that impose volume taxes on distilled spirits, win, and beer that are in addition to State alcohol taxes. Keg tagging and Registration that would hold buyers accountable. Community-based approaches to reduce risks associated with retail alcohol environments such as Responsible Beverage Service. Limiting alcohol sales licenses. Limiting Alcohol Sales at public events, being able to cut people off. Advertising limits and regulations, underage consumers can not be marketed to. Numerous state laws regarding the sale of alcohol (such as Indiana cannot sell alcohol on Sundays) and legal limits for driving. III. Porters Five Forces A. Threat of New Entrants (low/medium) The Threat to New Entrants in low to medium, low because it would be difficult to achieve the success of the larger companies such as Anheuser-Busch or MillerCoors and medium because it is possible to enter as a small microbrewery although if success surround the microbrewery more than likely one of the big competitors would enter a joint venture or merge with the company. Although as illustrated in the graph below the beer industry is growing. Many factors could cause this including the current economic recession. During difficult economic times the sales of alcohol increases. Due to the high rules and regulation apposed on the beer industry and the high market presence of top competitors it would be difficult for new entrants to hurt MillerCoors. Looking at the situation in a different way Coors to be successful and competitive had to merge with Molson Inc. and begin joint venture with multiple other companies the largest being Miller Inc. To be successful in this market it takes a great deal of capital for raw materials, production, advertising, and distribution. For a start-up company alone it would be difficult to raise the capital needed. B. Suppliers The Threat of Suppliers is Medium/High. Raw materials account for a large percentage of the total costs and if supplier increase prices it cuts into the profit or the company has to price its product higher and because the beer industry is so competitive that could prove to be problematic. Although it is medium to high because MillerCoors is such a large company that it gives them a backbone to be able to negotiate. The supplier though overall could have a big impact on the final product. C. Buyers The threat of buyers is high because people do not always have brand loyalty when it comes to beer. There is a large number of brewers and companies and without brand loyalty the buyer way buy whats cheapest, or on sales, etc. Buyers taste and preferences control the market. The beer industry has even began to make beers with only 55 calories for the beer drinkers trying to watch their weight. The amount of money put into research and development and advertising shows the power of the consumers and the need for market share. D. Substitute Products The threat of substitutes is medium because although in the alcohol industry there is a lot of choices many beer drinkers like the low alcohol social drink. Many people drink beer at ball games, bars, football games, nascar events, and so on and it is more a culture. There will always be other options to what people would like such as water, tea, carbonated beverages, etc. but beer is beer and not easily replaced in the culture. E. Rivalry The threat of Rivalry is high because the market is heavily saturated with completion. Many companies have merged and began joint ventures and the market has consolidated thus creating powerhouses and it would be difficult for a company to penetrate the market while the powerhouses have such strong market shares not only in the United States but globally also. IV. Conclusion As for the industry analysis I believe that the beer industry is a growing market with few major players and many microbreweries. Anheuser-Busch has a strong hold on the market share although there are areas that Coors can improve upon to gain market share such as brand image and lack of marketing. The market is heavy saturated with competitors although many are small compared to Anheuser-Busch, Miller, and Coors. It would be difficult to penetrate the larger market because of the strong hold they have on the market share especially Anheuser-Busch. Anheuser-Busch has strong brand recognition/awareness and strong marketing campaigns this is the key to their success. Part II: Firm Analysis I. Current Situation It is drank at ball games, bars, when people are celebrating, when people are depressed, and sometimes just when people have had a long day at work. Beer is the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic beverage. It ranks third in most popular drinks falling behind only water and tea. In 2006 more than 35 billion gallons of beer was sold with producing total global revenue of $294.5 billion. The Coors Brewing Company is the worlds fifth-largest brewing company in the world and Molson Coors Brewing Company is third largest brewing company in the U.S. Its popularity is linked to having the largest single brewery facility in the world, marketing research and understanding of it consumers, financial structure and most importantly through strong branding. Molson Coors Brewing Company strive to continually challenge and consistently reinvest in its people as passionate stewards of the brand. Molson Coors Brewing Company grew from the dreams of Adolph Coors and John Molson. Both individuals though different in many aspects shared the same common passion for brewing. Their journeys started and ended in different times and locations but together they work toward what is now known as Molson Coors Brewing Company. Separated by many years and numerous miles their dreams in 2005 overlapped with the Merger of Molson Inc. and Golden, Colorados Adolph Coors Company. Than to become a better competitor of Anheuser-Busch in 2007 SabMiller and Molson Coors Brewing Company entered into a joint venture to create MillerCoors. The Coors history begins in 1873 when the Golden Brewery opens, advertising bottled beer, ale, porter, cider, imported and domestic wines and seltzer water. In 1890 17,600 barrels of beer were outputted. With a growing company in 1920 the prohibition aka The Noble Experiment took place making the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol for consumption illegal this ended in 1933 and the Golden Brewery resumed operations. In 1953 Coors began to advertise on television and in 1955 Coors produced more than 1 million barrels. In 1970 the annual sales exceeded 7 million barrels. 1975 Coors becomes a publically traded company. In 1990 annual production exceeds 19 million barrels. In 1991 Coors became available in can and bottles in Indiana and was than available in all 50 states. In 2005 Coors Brewing Company and Molson Inc. merged together to take a leading role in the consolidating global brewing industry. In 2008 Molson Coors entered in to a joint venture with SABmiller to creat e MillerCoors in the United States. B. Strategic Posture The mission is not clearly stated on their website. All I could find was their community investments mission which is Our community investment mission is to promote the health and well being of individuals and communities where we do business. Our investments treat all people and resources with integrity and respect. I think on their website they have done a good job at showing people how they have become involved in protecting the environment and that they view being socially and environmentally responsible important. I believe that Coors need to have a mission, vision, and values statement to show all their employees, managers, suppliers, distributors, and even customers what they hope to accomplish and what they stand for. If a company has a direction to move toward they can begin taking steps forward. After more research on another site I found a vision for the company but on the companys own site I could not find it. The other site said their vision was, Molson Coors vision is to be a top-performing brewer winning through inspired employees and great brands. Were driving growth by becoming an innovative, brand-led company, delivering and re-investing productivity for growth as we build a winning, value-based culture. I believe for them to get their desired results that they will have to better market themselves. This includes restructuring their website and getting their mission out. Anheuser-Busch does a great job at presenting a story that people can follow and laugh with. II. External Environment (Opportunities and Threats) Opportunities included their merger with Molson and their joint ventures to capture more of the market share. They also have a lot of potential for growth because the beer industry itself is growing. Their name is known and now they just have to improve on what their name signifies. Threats included substitutes products as well as other brewing companies. The high market share of Anheuser-Busch. III. Internal Environment (Strengths and Weaknesses) Strengths included innovation, and a diverse portfolio of brands and products. The company also has a long history, working capital, and experience through difficult times. Weaknesses include bad publicity that has occurred. No clear mission, vision, and values for the company, suppliers, distributors, and customer can read. Another weakness is the high threat of substitutes in the market. The management of Coors realized that they needed to band with other competitors to ensure that they could be a presence in the marketing. They have taken actions to improve marketing and are still working toward making the company better. Change is not a short process and it takes a lot of time for people to accept change. Recommendations Improve on brand awareness through marketing and advertising. Coors needs to become a more friendly company that people can known and trust like a Disney or Pepsi. When people think beer most people automatically think Budweiser and Coors needs to work to have their name out more, sponsor events, have commercials, etc. Part III: Firm to Firm (Coors vs. Class Strategic Company) Analysis Anheuser-Busch and Coors are much like Pepsi and Coke. They are both highly competitive companies that continually try to innovate and create new more attractive products for their consumers. All four companies attempt to satisfy consumer needs and wants. In this situation Anheuser-Busch is the Pepsi Company because they both hold overwhelming control of the market share. Coors is like Coke as Coke only holds 27% of the market share in the United States and Coors holds somewhere in the high teens. Unlike Coors though Coke has a strong marketing strategy but has not been able to compete with Pepsi on a global level. Their Porters analysis are also very similar. Work Cited Banham, Russ. Coors: a Rocky Mountain Legend. Lyme, Conn.: Greenwich Pub. Group, 1998. Print. Ogle, Maureen. Ambitious Brew: the Story of American Beer. Orlando: Harcourt, 2006. Print. Van, Munching Philip. Beer Blast: the inside Story of the Brewing Industrys Bizarre Battles for Your Money. New York: Times Business, 1997. Print.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Essay -- Food Drug FDA Essays

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The FDA has many responsibilities which include overseeing the production of safe foods and the manufacture of safe and effective drugs and medical devices. The FDA has responsibility for protecting the rights and safety of patients in the clinical trials of investigation medical products. The FDA also has to review and approve in a timely manner the safety and efficiency of new drugs, biologics, medical devices, and animal drugs. They have to monitor the safety and effectiveness of new medical products after they are marketed and acting on the information collected. The FDA is responsible for seeing that the public has access to truthful and non-misleading product information by: monitoring the promotional activities of drug and device manufacturers, and regulating the labeling of all packaged foods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Science is a big part of the FDA organization. The scientific evidence needed to back up FDAs legal cases is prepared by the agencies 2,100 scientist, including 900 chemist and 300 microbiologist, who work in 40 laboratories in the Washington, D.C., area and around the country. Some of these scientist analyze samples to see, or example if products are contaminated with illegal substances. Other scientist review test results submitted by companies seeking agency approval for drugs, vaccines, food additives, coloring agents and medical devices. The FDA also operates the National Center for Toxicological Research. They investigate the biological effects of widely used chemicals. The agency also runs the Engineering and Analytical Center, which test medical devices, radiation-emitting products, and radioactive drugs. Assessing risk, for drugs and medical devices, weighing risks against benefits is at the core of FDAs public health protection duties. By ensuring that products and producers meet certain standards, FDA protects consumers and enables them to know what they are buying. In deciding whether to approve new drugs, FDA does not itself do research, but rather examines the results of studies done by the manufacturer. The agency must determine that the new drug produces the benefits its supposed to without causing side effects that would outweigh the benefits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1992, the U.S. Congress passed the Prescription Drug User Fee Act. This legislation provided additional resources ... ...f the drugs should be approved. Once the FDA approves the drug, it does not mean it is perfectly safe. Some medicine may have side effects, but the FDA considers both the benefit and risk of all medication before approval.. In addition, FDA makes the labeling outlines the benefits and risk reported in the tested population. For a drug to be approved by CDER, by current law, all new drugs need proof that they are effective and safe before they can be approved for marketing. CDER decides as quickly as a thorough evaluation allows. When a proposed drug’s benefit outweighs know risk, CDER considers it safe enough to approve. Once a drug gets the CDER approval, the drug is on the market as soon as the firm gets its production distribution system going.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The FDA is prohibited from releasing information on any medicine under development, review or pending approval unless the information has been in the public. The FDA has no legal authority to investigate or control the prices charged for marketed drugs. Manufacturers, distributors and retailers establish these prices. FDA recognizes the other factors beyond its purview, including insurance coverage and drug pricing.

Challenges of Teaching Students with Ebd Essay

Education is an important factor of life that is a foundation of intellectual development and intelligence that shapes the futures of all students. There are students with disorders and disabilities who display hardships and delays in education that require different approaches and special teaching strategies. Students with emotional and behavioral disorders are a group of students that require such modification or accommodation approaches. EBD student’s exhibit challenging behaviors, emotional instability, and are opposed to change. Therefore, once a student with EBD is place in the general classroom, the student might encounter challenges with learning and create problems and threats for the teacher as well as their peers. Teachers need to remember that students with EBD have the same rights as everyone else; the students with EBD need a specific teaching strategy and approach to assessments and instruction. Teachers need to establish a teacher student relationship to assist in the techniques and the learning process. There are a variety of intervention and prevention techniques that can be used to decrease the discrepancies and tension in the behavior and manner of the students in a general classroom setting. In order to apply the techniques effectively teachers have to understand the challenges students with EBD face. The creation of a special education team plays and important role of intervention and prevention for the student with EBD and is necessary to meet all the needs of the student. The special education team should consist of at least one regular educator, one special educator, a parent, and an administrator. Students with EBD are influenced on different levels of interaction socially and need this variety of member to be included on the team. The SPED team has a responsibility to develop a comprehensive academic program and to make certain there is mutual consistency in actions and support. The SPED team needs a general educator in the team because their role is vital to the prevention plan in the academic environment. Sometimes the teachers have students with EBD in their classrooms that haven’t been diagnosed and the symptoms will surface in a classroom setting. The regular teacher will deal with the issues first until they determine or diagnose the student. The regular teacher needs to have knowledge or possess the basics of treating EBD students. Teachers should teach them self control and self management techniques to be used on a regular basis in the classroom. If the techniques applied don’t work and the student gets worse than consideration should take place to include the student into a special education classroom. A special education teacher is necessary for the SPED team because their expertise deals with students of different disorders or disabilities such as students with EBD. Special education teachers can recommend some beneficial techniques that can be implemented in the general classroom setting or for parents at home. Special education teachers may figure out the problem at home which needs to be solved in order to provide helpful methods and then can facilitate intervention in the classroom setting. The team needs to have a good combination of people with intervention techniques for special education in the education school plan. This will reduce the risk of school factors for students with EBD. Parents that have students with EBD need to actively participate or be an active person of the SPED team for many different reasons. Parents acquire the most information about the heart of their child’s disorder. Next, parents should be included in any early intervention to assist in the students classroom placement decisions otherwise it has been determined that it could be destructive for the EBD student. It has been noted that family and parent problems tend to be the main cause of emotional and behavioral disorders. Therefore, SPED teams can help to get to the main problem thus special educators and the administration can unravel home problems. The school administrator is a vital member to the SPED team because they have useful information and knowledge about the school policy formation. Students with EBD often feel discriminated against because of the ambiguous and zero tolerance rules regarding behavior from the school. The zero tolerance rules for behavior in school can threaten the behavioral and emotional stability of students with EBD. The administration can educate the educators on the IDEA rules and regulations and handle relevant assessments and design and develop special education programming. There are some concerns that make it difficult for school administrators and special education educators and can be very complicated because they want to make sure they meet the needs of students with EBD. One of the concerns is the uncertainty and stigmas towards the definition of educational and behavioral disorders and the need of understanding what behavior is inappropriate, the inability to construct social relationships, and if the disability classification should be EBD. The behavior if inappropriate doesn’t fit into any ethical norms, cultural, and religious society during a given time. Student’s with EBD displays a variety of disorder types and inner emotional and behavioral disorders behaviors appear sometimes in a manner of violence or suicide. The characteristics and symptoms of students with EBD tend to change so it makes it difficult to provide a solid diagnosis of EBD. The challenges teachers face when teaching students with EBD require competency from the educators. Given that students with EBD have a deficit in language, social skills, intellectual abilities, and lower academic results it hard for teachers to find a happy medium in making sure the school pace is mainstreaming to meet their specific needs. Aggression has emerged because of the lack of appraisal or opportunities from teachers. Consequently, training, self control, and classroom management needs to be the practice fro students with EBD. â€Å"Teachers have to adjust to the specific needs of students and give them proper instructional interactions, actively interact with parents and get actively involved in the collection of data on EBD students’ progress, developing special education programs and interpret EBD students’ results according to the assessment rules designed for them in order to provide these special needs students with adequate instruction and support† (Yell et al., 2009). The active participation and involvement of parents in the intervention and prevention programs will get rid of some risk factors and develop a home based and comprehensive school intervention plan. The participation of school educators and administration can assist in solving the main challenges dealing with exclusion of students with EBD from the zero tolerance mainstream school policy. EBD students symbolize are a small group of specialized needs. The behavior of EBD students are usually unexplainable and unpredictable, which makes it challenging when dealing with the student and meeting their needs. Nevertheless, if there is a closer look into the causes and roots of EBD and work done on the classification, most likely can be a problem solver. As it comes from the arrangement of the SPED team if they are conflicting then it will be difficult to develop an effective intervention and prevention program. This makes it imperative to accept a universal strategy in meeting the academic challenges for students with EBD. References Yell, M. L, Meadows, N. B., Drasgow, E., & Shriner, J. G. (2009). Evidence-based practices for educating students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Pearson. ISBN-13: 978-0130968234

Reform Judaism In The 19th Century Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Reform Judaism In The 19th Century Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Reform Judaism in the 19th Century The most extreme precursor to the Reform movement was a man by the name of Samuel Holdheim. He was born in 1806 in Kempo in the province of Posen. At a young age he studied at a yeshiva and received a Talmudic education. He began to study German and secular subjects after his marriage to a woman with a modern education. After their divorce several years later, he began studying at the University of Prague and Berlin and received a doctorate from the University of Leipzig. Following service in Frankfurt -Am-Oder he became a Landesrabbiner or chief Rabbi of Mecklenberg-Schewerin. In the year 1847 he became the rabbinate of a reform congregation in Berlin . At this point he already disapproved of most liberal Rabbis and came to be known as the most exemplar of reform Rabbis in all of Europe ( 241) The question comes to mind as to what exactly triggered this different belief in Judaism which differed significantly from previous tenents. It started during the time of the French revolution, a time when European Jews were (for the first time) recognized as citizens of the countries in which they lived in. Ghettos were being abolished, special badges were no longer required and Jews could dress the way they wanted, settle were they pleased and work the occupations they desired. Many Jews settled outside of Jewish districts, and began to live like their neighbors and speak the language of the land. They went to public schools and began to neglect Jewish Studies and forget about he Shulchan Aruch. In 1815, after Napoleon's defeat, Jews lost the rights of citizenship in many countries. Many Jews converted to Christianity in order to retain those rights. Many thoughtful Jews were concerned about this. They realized that many of these changes took place not because of a dislike for Judaism, but in order to obtain better treatment. Many rabbis believed that the way to address this was to force Jews to give up public schools and universities. This didn't work. Rabbis suggested that observance might have to be changed in order to appeal to the Jew living the modern world. They realized that every now and then old practices and new ones were introduced, resulting in a different lifestyle then 4000 or even 2000 years previously. They fathomed that these changes often made life easier for the Jew. They concluded that in order to make Judaism attractive to all Jews this change had to continue. A group of Rabbis assembled in Germany, and changes began, thus developed the start of Reform Judaism. Holdheim a reform Rabbi himself felt that the Jews living during his time period should change the laws given to them at Mt. Sinai and the halacha that the Talmud and Mishna state. Holdheim believed that the laws of the Torah and the Talmud that were in effect when the Jews had their own country and government have lost their legitimacy. Judaism now had to be in accord with both the letter and the spirit of laws of the nations they were living among. Even the laws of the Torah whose source was God had to be regarded as valid for certain times and places as he said " with the change of the circumezces and conditions of life for which God once gave those laws , the laws themselves cease to be operative, that they shall be observed no longer because they no longer can be observed". Thus , Holdheim said that the biblical and Talmudic laws concerning marriage, divorce and personal status are no longer relevant and the Jews in these cases should be ruled by the state government (Sasson 835). He concluded that laws between man and man should be left to the rule of the state they lived in but questions of prayer and religious institutions should be left to the Rabbis because prayer was the most important part of religious life. Holdheim denied the authority of the Talmudic dicta, the oral law. He says that it was written by the hand of man but was divinely inspired. His conclusion was that Jewish life should be based on spiritual and ethical guidance of the Torah. Even though

Italian Capitalization Rules

Italian Capitalization Rules In Italian, an initial capital letter (maiuscolo) is required in two instances: At the beginning of a phrase or immediately after a period, question mark, or exclamation markWith proper nouns Other than these cases, the use of uppercase letters in Italian depends on factors such as stylistic choices or publishing tradition. There is also the maiuscola reverenziale (reverential capital), which is still used frequently with pronouns and possessive adjectives that refer to Dio (God), people or things considered sacred, or people of high regard (pregare Dio e avere fiducia in Lui; mi rivolgo alla Sua attenzione, signor Presidente). In general, though, in contemporary usage, there is a tendency to avoid capitalization that is considered unnecessary. Capitalization at the Beginning of a Phrase To illustrate the occurrences where capital letters are used at the beginning of a phrase here are some examples: Titles in various genres: not just text, but also chapter headings, articles, and other subdivisionsThe start of any text or paragraphAfter a periodAfter a question mark or exclamation mark, but an initial lowercase may be permitted if there are strong logic and continuity of thoughtAt the beginning of a direct speech If a sentence begins with an ellipsis (...), then usually the examples described above begin with lowercase, except when the first word is a proper name. Those instances still require the use of the uppercase. Similarly (but more in terms of a typography choice) is the case in which a capital letter is used at the beginning of each verse in poetry, a device that is sometimes used even when verse is not written on a new line (for reasons of space), instead of using a slash (/), which is generally preferable to avoid ambiguity. Capitalizing Proper Nouns In general, capitalize the first letter of proper names (whether real or fictitious), and any terms that take their place (sobriquets, aliases, nicknames): Person (common names and surnames), animals, godsNames of entities, places, or geographical areas (natural or urban), astronomical entities (as well as astrological)Names of streets and urban subdivisions, buildings and other architectural structuresNames of groups, organizations, movements, and institutional and geopolitical entitiesTitles of artistic works, trade names, products, services, companies, eventsNames of religious or secular holidays There are also cases in which the initial letter is capitalized even with common nouns, for reasons ranging from the need to distinguish them from common concepts, personification, and antonomasia, to showing respect. Examples include: The names of historical eras and events and even of geological periods, centuries and decades; the latter can be written in lower case, but it is preferred to use uppercase if the intent is to call out the historical period.The names of a populace; usually it is customary to capitalize the historical peoples of the past (i Romani), and use lowercase for present-day people (gli italiani). Somewhat more ambiguous, however, is the use of capital letters in Italian compound nouns or in those nouns consisting of a sequence of words; there are a couple of hard-and-fast guidelines, though, that can be recommended: Initial capital letters are required with the sequence common name surname (Carlo Rossi) or more than one common name (Gian Carlo Rossi)Proper names used within nominative sequences such as: Camillo Benso conte di Cavour, Leonardo da Vinci The prepositional particles (particelle preposizionali), di, de, or d are not capitalized when used with the names of historical figures, when surnames didnt exist, to introduce patronyms (de Medici) or toponyms (Francesco da Assisi, Tommaso dAquino); they are capitalized, though, when they form an integral part of contemporary surnames (De Nicola, DAnnunzio, Di Pietro). Capitalization finds its most widespread in the names of institutions, associations, political parties and the like.  The reason for this profusion of capital letters is usually a sign of respect (Chiesa Cattolica), or the tendency to maintain the use of uppercase letters in an abbreviation or acronym (CSM Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura). However, the initial capital can also be limited to just the first word, which is the only obligatory one: the Chiesa cattolica, Consiglio superiore della magistratura.

Forecasting Crude Oil (Spot Price) Volatility Dissertation

Forecasting Crude Oil (Spot Price) Volatility - Dissertation Example Daily prices for crude oils are effective in volatility forecasting. 17 It was also imperative to use the two cluster analysis in the paper. 17 In the case of GARCH to obtain the unknowns the formula was applied where the initial value Xk was taken to be 25.56 where a= 0.001 (fixed) 17 b= 0.00 18 c= 0.00 18 In using the same formula the values for a, b and c were P-GARCH established to be 18 a= 0.001(fixed) 18 b= 0.394 18 c= 0.050 18 Xk= 25.56 18 For GARCH GJR, the values were found to be 18 a=0.001 (fixed) 18 b= 0.488 18 c= 0.110 18 Xk= 25.56 18 for E GARCH a=0.001 (fixed) 18 b= 0.488 18 c= 0.11 18 From the findings captured in the spread sheet, we can derive various important factors about the GARCH family models and answer important questions arising from the same. These are 19 The data should be within range in order to get rid of outlier values.The data is reliable since the projection/ forecasted values are within limit. There are no outlier values as a result of projection. 19 The null hypothesis – Garch models predict uniformly 19 Alternative hypothesis- GARCH models predictions differ. Based on the results, it is clear that there exists variations among the four models. Thus it is rational to conclude that the alternative hypothesis holds. 19 The best model should be as closer to the baseline as possible. GARCH is a replica of the baseline and hence cannot be taken to be the best.Of the four GJR GARCH varies the least from the baseline hence is the best. 19 EGARCH has the largest variation from the baseline hence is the worst. 19 20 BIBLIOGRAPHY 20 APPENDICES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.20 METHODOLOGY AND DATA Introduction Volatility is a concept that refers to the spread of all possible outcomes within an uncertain variable. Finance discipline has various unc ertain variables such as prices of products, returns on assets, and share prices amongst others (Olowe, 2010). Modeling and forecasting of volatility have been attributed to increasing uncertainty in financial aspects and components (Day & Lewis, 1993). Oil price fluctuations in the global arena experience significant uncertainties thereby invoking interests amongst financial and market participants (Kang, Kang, & Yoon, 2009). The main reasons explaining such significant interest include the fact that oil price fluctuations affect decision making process for both producers and consumers in addition to investors’ decisions. Whereas oil price fluctuations affect strategic planning and appraisal of projects for producers and consumers, investors continue to face challenges in investment, allocation of portfolios, and management of risks decisions (Campbell, Lo, & MacKinlay, 1997). Policy and decision making within the oil markets require accurate forecasting of the crude oil pri ces (Olowe, 2010). Attaining accurate and adequate forecasting require adequate and accurate data. In most cases, daily prices of crude oil are used to predict or forecast volatility (uncertainty) for purposes of developing effective policies and decision making processes (Campbell, Lo, & MacKinlay, 1997). Forecasting volatility of crude oil prices have been done for a

International business practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International business practice - Essay Example The force of this chronological approach, chiefly, in its enveloping financial dimensions, incessantly disseminate and intensify the inter-reliance attributes that associate communities, financial systems, and regions. It is not possible to locate any nation which is devoid of the cross-boundary flows of business, investment, citizenry, ideologies, and icons (Sumida, 2004). The laws of business are performed at the core of globalization’s transformations for the reason that it provides with and produces the ways in which the transactions and functions that are associated with the globalized business are formed and carried out, and simultaneously, assists in the formation of vicinity in which such transactions take place. There can be noticed widespread development of growingly influential, politically complicated and media confident international, regional, and national non-governmental organizations or the NGOs whose domestic or regional approaches tend to noticeably influenc e particular business projects, operations and administrative control of business procedures and services. There exists a widespread intervention of international economic organizations, chiefly, the World Bank Group and other regional development institutions, in private segment functions and infrastructure projects that are economized by global banking organizations (Sumida, 2004). According to Ohmae, Globalization has eaten away the constraints between domestic as well as global businesses, in the same way as it is changing the behavior of national boundaries setting apart once autonomous nation-states (Ohmae, 1990). This report discusses the factors associated with carrying out an international business, and settle on if at all